Background: Stein-Leventhal syndrome, also called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy that affects women.Has been one of a major public health problem in Sudan that leads to medical consequences. It causes multifactorial in etiology such as menstrual dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia and obesity which increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. We know that if patients with PCOS are screened for these diseases, many long-term complications can be prevented. Objective: The present study was designed to assess serum gonadotropin hromones [luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)] and insulin in PCOS Sudanese women and to compare them with healthy women as controls. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive, analytic, cross- sectional and hospital-based study, included Sudanese women with PCOS live in Khartoum- State- Sudan, in period from March 2013 to May 2014. A total of tow hundred Sudanese women with PCOS were compared with one hundred healthy women as control group, all of them were age matched. Samples were taken from test and control group in morning after overnight fasting, then serum LH, FSH and insulin levels were analyzed using ELISA technique. Data management and analysis were done using Microsoft excel and SPSS software, version 20.00. Results: The patients with PCOS, having a mean age of 29.61±5.4 years and mean age 31.23±4.93 years of control group.The (mean ± SD) of serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and insulin in test group were 14.60±9.80 mIU/ml, 6.51±2.04mIU/ml and 11.06±6.21 µIU/ml, respectively while that of control group, the (mean ± SD) of serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and insulin were 7.00±3.36 mIU/ml, 8.13±3.88 mIU/ml, and 4.52±1.60 µIU/ml respectively. There was statistically significant increased levels of serum luteinizing hormone , insulin and decreased serum level of follicle stimulating hormone in PCOS group when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It concluded that there was a siginificant high level of serum fasting LH, insulin and decreased serum FSH, in our study there was no significant correlation could be found between serum LH, FSH and serum insulin.But there was a significant correlation could found between serumFSH and LH.
