September 2021

Background: Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) their age are 50 or older treated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) treatment has been associated with interconnected adverse effects as decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and a loss in the structure and strength of bone leading to osteoporosis. Exercise has been proposed as a treatment to relieve adverse effects of ADT. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect aerobic exercises versus resisted exercises on osteoporosis in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. Methods: Thirty prostate cancer patients suffering from osteoporosis after receiving androgen deprivation therapy,were selected from Oncology department at El Galaa Hospital for Armed Forces. Their age ranged from 50 to 65 years and were subdivided randomly into two equal groups. Group A (Aerobic exercises group): This group included 15 PCa patients who received aerobic exercises in the form of cycling on electronic bio in addition to conventional medical care (Calcium and vit D supplements), 3 days per week for 12 consecutive weeks. Group B (Resisted training group): This group included 15 PCa patients who received resistance exercises for both lower limbs (hip flexors, abductors and knee flexors, extensors) by free sand bags of different weights in addition to conventional medical care (Calcium and vit D supplements), 3 days per week for 12 consecutive weeks. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used for estimation of BMD before the treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment for both groups. Results: The study showed that there was a statistically significant increase in BMD and T-score mean of spine, femoral neck and total femur post treatment in the resistance exercise group compared to aerobic exercise group, The percent of increase in BMD of spine, left femoral neck and total femur in the group A was 26.02, 18.9 and 19.47% respectively, while that in the group B was 39.55, 41.33 and 39.94% respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both aerobic and resistance exercises had fruitful effects in cases of osteoporosis in prostate cancer patients receiving ADT as evidenced by the significant increase in BMD and T-score mean, however higher statistical improvement was reported in the resistance exercise.

Background: Postmenopausal depression, a major public health problem worldwide, is associated with low quality of life, high morbidity and mortality rates with high rate of suicide, and huge socio-economic burden (1). Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on postmenopausal depression. Participants and methods: One hundred postmenopausal women with depression, aged 50-65 years, were randomized into two groups equal in number. Group (A) received relaxation exercises in form of diaphragmatic breathing exercises as group (B) in addition to reflexology on pressure points in feet for 1 hour per session, 3 times /week for 6 weeks, while Group (B) received relaxation exercises in form of diaphragmatic breathing exercises, twice per session with rest about 20 second and women was asked to perform breathing exercises at home 3-4 times per day for 6 weeks. Postmenopausal depression was assessed pre-post treatment through Beck Inventory Depression Questionnaire. Results: There was highly significant decreases in mean values of (BIDQ) of study group (A) when compared with its corresponding value in control group (B) with p = 0.001. Conclusion: These results suggest that foot reflexology is effective in treating postmenopausal women depression that causes a greater improvement in their quality of life.

Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwaters in Kushaiguda region, Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India has been analyzed to evaluate its aptness for domestic and agricultural uses. Sixteen samples of groundwater were collected and evaluated the different physico chemical parameters namely, pH, Total hardness (TH), Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ and anions such as CO32-, HCO3-, Cl- and SO42-. Different irrigation water quality parametersand diagrams such as, Permeability index (PI), Kelley’s ratio (KR) and Wilcox plot revealed that most of the water samples are suitable for irrigation. Gibbs plot suggests that the qualities of most of the samples are influencing the chemical weathering of rock forming minerals. Piper plot and Durov plot indicates the chemical composition of water, chiefly controlled by dissolution and mixing.

Objectives: Fertility is defined as ability to conceive and produce offspring while according to WHO, infertility is disease of female reproductive system defined by failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects between 48 million couple and 186 million individual globally.It is associated with male and female factors or combination .Most of the time infertility is perceived very negatively by the couples and cause lots of psychological stress may be upto the extent of suicidal thoughts There is associated a social stigma.alongwith , specially in rural areas.For both of them environmental factors such as lifestyle, smoking, excessalcohol, obesity, environmental pollutants are associated with lower fertility rates. This study is done to analyse the effect of infertility on pscychological status of couples undergoing treatment. Methods: This systematic review comprises of databases from pubmed, Cochrane, googlescholar, medline. Results: A total of 20 articles from 2016-2021 were included .Infertility causes modification of both endocrine and immune system at both tissue and cellular level. Conclusion: We could find out negative impact of Infertility on psychologiacal status of couples undergoing treatment, which further affect their metabolic and endocrinal functioning adversely.

Teachers hold the key to success of teaching learning process which secure student’s future. Their unique skills help to mould and shape the society. The college teachers are supreme role to build a creative generation who will lead the nation to development, to highest peak of success. Their self-esteem is most important to their everyday happiness and success to teaching-learning process. But hardly few studies have been conducted in the area of college teacher’s self-esteem and their stream of teaching particularly India as well as West Bengal. This study was designed to find out the self-esteem level of stream-wise college teachers and to find out the difference of self-esteem among stream-wise undergraduate college teachers. For this purpose, stratified random sampling was used for selecting the sample comprising of 270teachers from undergraduate colleges affiliated to University of Calcutta, West Bengal. Survey type research design was used in this study. Self-esteem scale (Dhar and Dhar, 2015) and Personal Information questionnaire was used for collecting data. Data were analysed by using Percentage, Mean, SD and ANOVA. It was revealed that nearly 39 percent of social science, 35.56 percent science and 25.56 percent commerce teachers belong to high level of self-esteem. While almost 55.56 percent social science, 57.78 percent science and nearly 69 percent commerce teachers displayed normal level of self-esteem. On the other hand, 5.56 percent social science, 6.67 percent science, 5.56 percent commerce teachers exhibited low level of self-esteem. The study also found that there was no significant difference regarding self-esteem among social science, science, and commerce teachers in undergraduate college.