June 2021

Members of the youth sector play an essential role in the society. They are expected to participate in the development of the nation and aid in the alleviation of current social problems. One of the channels wherein one can partake in the community is social media. Therefore, the project is focused on identifying the impact of social media on forming the political opinions of the youth, as utilizing online platforms for discourse and discussions have been prevalent amid the pandemic. The initiative will administer the active participation of the youth in the current political situation of the country in social media platforms through articles, community threads, and webinars. To ensure the smooth implementation of the project, proponents of the team have collaborated with Gana Philippines, a youth-led organization that aspires to aid its members towards finding their own advocacies. Throughout the course of the study, the members have achieved an amazing feat in finishing the needed articles, community threads, publication materials, and webinars that were planned before the implementation. The project, all through the 2 months duration, has achieved the objectives that were initially set; although there were problems and obstacles along the way, the group has still managed to inform and impart knowledge to everyone through different social media platforms. By conducting the initiative in an online community, the team has raised awareness on the current events witnessed by society, informed the youth on its role in society and what members of the sector can do in the present political climate, and shared tips on fact-checking and the proper use of social media. With this, the group hopes that the learnings we have disseminated will be used by the community in their future endeavors.

Antecedentes: La Adenosis Acinar Atípica o Proliferacion Acinar Pequeña Atípica (ASAP) se define como focos atípicos sospechosos pero que no completan un diagnóstico de malignidad. (1) Son lesiones de las que se sospecha que son malignas, pero carecen de los hallazgos completamente satisfactorios a fin de cumplir con los criterios de malignidad establecidos para cáncer de próstata. Adenosis acinar atípica (ASAP) es un diagnóstico válido dentro una categoría que implica incertidumbre absoluta. Se diagnostica en 1.5 a 9% de biopsias prostáticas, y los pacientes con este diagnóstico tienen una probabilidad entre el 45 - 60% de desarrollar malignidad en las lesiones descritas en biopsia de repetición. (3) (4) (5). La presente investigación se realiza con el fin de crear conocimiento en la frecuencia de éste diagnóstico en nuestra población del género masculino que acude a atención médica al Centro Médico Naval. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia del diagnóstico de Adenosis Acinar Atípica en los resultados emitidos de las biopsias trucut de próstata por parte del Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Centro Médico Naval durante los años 2010 al 2020. Para poder realizar una comparación con la prevalencia descrita en la literatura al determinar la frecuencia del diagnóstico de Adenosis acinar atípica de la población masculina de la institución que se atiende en el Centro Médico Naval. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio restrospectivo observacional, descriptivo de tipo transversal; para su realización se revisaron las libretas de registro de estudios histológicos quirúrgicos del departamento de patología, libretas de los años 2010 al 2020. Se enlistaron el total de reportes de estudios histológicos de tejido de próstata, pricipalmente los estudios de biopsias tipo trucut transrectales bilaterales de hombres con diagnóstico de sospecha de carcinoma prostático. Posteriormente se revisaron y analizaron las variables de interés de cada registro en el expediente clínico electrónico y se descargó la información en la base de datos en formato tipo Excel y se cuantificó el total de reportes histopatológicos con diagnóstico de adenosis acinar atípica y demás variables de interés que llevan a concluir en este diagnóstico. Resultados: Del análisis de un total de 1006 estudios histológicos de tejido de próstata, se obtuvo como resultados 33 casos (5.5%) con el diagnóstico de Adenosis Acinar Atípica, basados en los criterios histológicos principales. se observó que la edad promedio de presentación de ASAP fue entre 61 – 70 años, con edad promedio de 66.3 años. La distribución del tipo de rango militar de los casos de Adenosis acinar atípica, se observó que se presentó con mayor frecuencia (50%) en pacientes de alto rango, principalmente almirantes. No hubo distinción de la lateralidad anatómica de la próstata más frecuentemente afectada, siendo 15 casos en el lado derecho y 14 casos en el lado izquierdo (46 y 42%), y se presentaron 4 casos (12%) que se afectaron ambos lados anatómicos, sin embargo, de las zonas anatómicas de la misma, se observó que se afecto con mayor frecuencia el ápex, con un total de 8 casos (24%) en ápex derecho y 4 casos (12%) en ápex izquierdo. Conclusión: La prevalencia del diagnóstico de Adenosis acinar atípia obtenida (5.5%, 33 casos), se encuentra dentro de los parámetros reportados en la literatura internacional, que oscila entre el 1.5 a 9%. Se puede concluir en base a los resultados de las demás variables analizadas, que el personal de patólogos del Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Centro Médico Naval se están apegando de forma adecuada a los criterios que se norman para concluir en el diagnóstico de ASAP.

Getting children involved in sports is a common practice around the world as many people believe that it is a great way for children and young adults to get their physical activity. Often, the negatives aspects of the sports world at a young age are overlooked because of how beneficial sports can be. It is important to note that a child involved in sports are at risk for conditions such as burnout and eating disorder, which can lead to serious detriments in their overall health. Additionally, adolescents in sports have increased exposure to substances like alcohol and drugs, which can induce significant mental health concerns in a young individual. Many athletes often have to deal with abuse from coaches and their peers, which results in many young individuals accepting abuse and having fewer social abilities. Parental pressures and overinvolvement in the sport cause fractured relationships between the child athlete and the parent. Overall, there are significant negative aspects associated with introducing an individual to sports at a young age, which parents should keep in mind while deciding for their child. This review compiles and investigates sources from literary research done regarding children and sports.

Background: Control of preoperative anxiety especially before cesarean section, is one of the most important goals of nursing care around the world. Aim of study : To determine the effect of acupressure on preoperative cesarean section anxiety. Methods: Forty primiparae undergoing elective cesarean section surgery, were selected from El Galaa Teaching hospital, Cairo, Egypt , their age ranged from 20- 35 years, and BMI was less than 30 kg/m2. They were divided randomly into two groups equal in number, (group A) Study group, consisted of twenty women who received acupressure in two points (HE7 and Yintang) for 5 minutes each 30 minutes before surgery and (group B) control group, consisted of twenty women who received acupressure in two ineffective points (sham points) for 5 minutes each , 30 minutes before surgery. All women on both groups (A &B) were assessed pre and post treatment through assessing their vital signs: heart rate, and blood pressure to indicate the state of a patient's essential body functions Also, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (questionnaire) for measuring the circumstantial or temporary arousal of anxiety. Results : There was no statistical significant difference in heart rate between the pretreatment values compared to post treatment values in both groups (A&B) and there was no significant difference between both groups (A&B) when comparing heart rate post treatment values , while for systolic and diastolic blood pressure in group (A) there was a statistical significant decrease in post treatment values compared with pretreatment values, while there was no statistical significant difference between the pretreatment and post treatment values in group (B).When comparing the post treatment values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of both groups there was a statistical significant decrease for favor of group (A) when compared to group (B), and for the Stait trait anxiety inventory questionnaire there was a statistical significant decrease between the pretreatment values compared to the post treatment values in both groups .When comparing the post treatment values of both groups there was a statistical significant decrease for favor of group (A) than group (B). Conclusion: Application of acupressure is effective in decreasing preoperative cesarean section anxiety.

Aim: This Study aimed to compare the effect of interferential therapy versus aerobic exercise on the adult patient that suffer from chronic constipation. Subject and Methods: Thirty chronic constipation patients were participated in this study (16 female with percentage of 53% and 14 male with percentage of 47%). Their age ranged from 20-40.All patient were assessed by Abdominal Ultrasonic and constipation scoring system respectively. They were divided into two groups. Group A receive interferential therapy sessions three sessions per week for four weeks while group B receive aerobic exercise sessions in form of stationary bicycle three sessions per week for four weeks. Results: The analysis of the current study revealed a significant improvement in constipation scoring system for both Group A (interferential therapy Group) and also for Group B(Aerobic exercise Group) as follow: Increase frequency of bowel movement and decrease in (painful evacuation effort, feeling of incomplete evacuation, abdominal pain, minute in lavatory per attempt, type of assistance, Total constipation scoring system score and both group also show no significance difference in attempt for evacuation per 24 hours and duration of constipation (years).therefore no significance between the effect of interferential therapy versus aerobic exercise on chronic constipation patients. Conclusion: Both Interferential therapy and Aerobic exercise significantly affect constipation symptoms but no significance difference between the effect of interferential therapy versus aerobic exercise on chronic constipation patients.

Introduction: Oral health is a key indicator of overall health, wellbeing and quality of life. It is important for nurses to have adequate knowledge about oral health to be able to provide necessary care and to at least detect few abnormalities in the mouth in order to achieve an optimal health status. The aim of this study was to examine oral health knowledge regarding oral diseases and oral hygiene among nursing students at Madurai City. Materials and Methods: It is a cross sectional questionnaire study conducted among 370 nursing college students in Madurai city. The study samples were divided into categories according to the year of study and a questionnaire was given to them to check for the Oral health Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among them. It was a single visit survey in which the questionnaire was collected from them and the data were segregated for statistical analysis. Results: The results from the study shows that the knowledge practice and attitude towards oral health for nursing students is comparatively less. Only 72.6% students had knowledge on importance of oral health 52.9% students had the attitude of maintaining the oral health and only 48.2% of them practice a negligible oral hygiene practice. Conclusion: The study concludes that although most of the students had satisfactory basic knowledge about oral health, attitude among the nursing students which was considerably lower than what would be expected. Nursing students are in need to raise their awareness about the importance of oral health to be competent in giving oral health care advices to the public as a part of the primary healthcare team.

En République démocratique du Congo, un enfant sur deux est malnutri et cela constitue un problème de santé publique.Les projections internationales révèlent que sur un total de 52 millions d’enfants en malnutrition aiguë, 33 millions souffriraient de la malnutrition aiguë modérée. Objectif: déterminer les facteurs qui sont à la base de la malnutrition à Luwowoshi, en explorant: la prévalence de la malnutrition, le score de la sécurité alimentaire, le statut vaccinal, les connaissances et pratiques sur l’alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant. Méthodologie: notre étude est descriptive transversale à visée analytique, réalisée durant la période allant du 18 avril au 25avril 2016, sur un échantillon aléatoire simple constitué des 422 gardiens d’enfants âgés de 6 à 23 mois. Les variablesscrutés sont: Pour le gardien: niveau des études, niveau des connaissances et des pratiques sur l’ANJE (l’alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant). - Pour l’enfant: l’âge, le sexe, le statut vaccinal, l’indice poids sur taille, le rappel de 24h de la ration alimentaire, la durée de l’allaitement maternel exclusif, l’âge lors de la supplémentation à l’aliment de complément, et l’âge lors de l’admission au plat familial. - Pour le ménage: la sécurité alimentaire. La collecte des données a été faite par interview structurée,prise des mesures anthropométriques et observation des œdèmes. Les logiciels EPI info. 7. 2.6 et Anthro 3.2.2.1.ontappuyé l’analyse des données. Résultatssuivants ont été enregistrés: • Pour les mères: • 97,9% des gardiens étaient les mères biologiques des enfants, • 99 % avaient un âge compris entre 18 et 35 ans, • 89,6% avaient un niveau d’études inférieur à 4 ans post primaire, • 28 % ont répondu correctement au contrôle des connaissances sur l’ANJE ; • Pour les enfants: • 44,8% étaient de sexe masculin, • 35,8% avaient un âge inférieur à 12 mois, • 39,1% avaient un statut vaccinal non en ordre par rapport à leur âge, • 7,8 % avaient une émaciation globale (6,6% pour la MAM et 1,2% pour la MAS), • 82,5% recevaient une alimentation non diversifiée au rappel de 24h, • 11,8% ont été allaités exclusivement, • 85% ont eu un aliment de complément avant 6 mois, • et 92,8 % ont été admis au plat familial avant 12 mois ; • Pour des ménages: • 80,6% vivaient dans l’insécurité alimentaire. En associant les différentes variables à la malnutrition aiguë modérée, l’Odds ratio ajusté avec l’intervalle de confiance à 95% donne: l’âge de 6 à 11 mois est prédictif à 12,2% (P<0,001), le statut vaccinal non en ordre favorable à 9,9% (P=0,041) et l’insécurité alimentaire dans les ménages propice à 12,4 % (P<0,02) à la malnutrition aiguë modérée. La régression logistique dans le même cadre révélait que l’enfant de moins de 12 mois avait 3,3 fois plus de risques de faire la MAM (malnutrition aiguë modérée) (1,4 – 7,5), (p=0,005), que de même l’enfant dont le statut vaccinal était non à jour avait une probabilité 3,3 fois plus de faire la MAM (1,4 – 8,0), (p = 0,007) et que l’enfant qui vivait dans un ménage où il y avait l’insécurité alimentaire était 3,0 fois plus exposé à faire la MAM (1,2 – 7,7), (p = 0,02). En conclusion: le jeune âge de l’enfant, le statut vaccinal non en ordre avec l’âge de l’enfant et l’insécurité alimentaire dans le ménage sont des facteurs liés à la malnutrition aiguë modérée à LUWOWOSHI.

Montelukast is a specific cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, belonging to the quinoline series and therapeutic agent used for the treatment of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. This review described the impurities, toxicity studies, adverse effects of drug montelukast. The presence of impurities affect the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. Sulfoxide impurity was found to be having a major effect on efficacy. The common adverse effects found were headache, upper respiratory infection and Neuropsychiatric Events, which were not much different compared to placebo. Toxicities of montelukast impurities have to be carefully improved because it is chronically used in patients, particularly children. These studies implied its effectiveness and tolerance in children. It also has been associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome in a small number of adults. We have studied comparative action and side effects of Montelukast with other drugs along with some drug-drug interaction studies. The relation between neuropsychiatric events and montelukast's use is clarified in this review. Major concerns of montelukast-associated adverse drug reactions included the Churg-Strauss syndrome. This drug has some inhibitory effect on Cytochrome enzymes required in drug metabolism. In drug-interaction studies, the recommended dose of montelukast with effect on pharmacokinetics of various drugs are discussed. Our findings suggested that the toxicity of drug impurities can be monitored by measuring its level, safety profile and under good supervision.

Accidentally swallowed dentures are one of most common foreign bodies of upper digestive tract in elderly people and it can lead to severe complications such as esophageal rupture , hematemesis and mediastinitis. Therefore an early detection and early intervention are important. We are reporting a case of accidentally swallowed denture. After failure of endoscopic retrieval, patient underwent surgery. This case highlights the importance of surgical intervention for patients with impacted dentures.

Open Chain Segmental Control, Closed Chain Segmental Control, Spinopelvic Angles, Asymptomatic Subjects. Purpose: This study aimed to measure of spinopelvic angles after application of open chain segmental control exercises versus closed chain segmental control exercises, pre and post application. Method: Twenty eight participants were randomly divided into two groups, groups A and B. Group A (n=15) received open chain segmental control exercises for four weeks. Group B (n=13) received closed chain segmental control exercises for four weeks. X-Ray and Corel draw software were used to evaluate participants' pelvic angles, pre and post-treatment. Methods: spinopelvic angles were measured before and after treatment in both groups. Spinopelvic angles were pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS) and lumbar lordosis (LL). Results: There were changes in angles of spinopelvic parameters in both groups. The significant difference in pelvic tilt was shown in group "A" while there was a significant difference in pelvic incidence angle in group "B". Conclusion: Both open chain segmental control exercises and closed chain segmental control exercises showed a significance difference before and after application in spinopelvic angles.