Thoracic trauma frequently associated with morbidity and mortality. Rib fractures considered most common aetiology. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of nerve block in rib fractures patients. Methods: During the period January 2017- January 2026 a retrospective study took place. Two hundred seventyeight (278) patients diagnosed already with rib fractures underwent nerve bock by thoracic surgery department(as outpatients at the emergency department and as patients already admitted) atGeneral Hospital of Nicaea-Piraeus, Greece. Results: All 278 patients who underwent nerve block and 149 of them received nerve block and Diclofenac (Voltarol) injectionsimultaneously. After a week of post nerve block along with regularly analgesic-NSAID medication, the recordedpain has been reduced to minimum.To mention that 89 patients refused suggested admission in the thoracic department post nerve block.No atelectasis or post traumatic pleural effusion was found on the chest radiography to the follow up patients post 7 to 14 days post nerve block. Conclusion: Nerve block seems that is very helpful to reduce pain. Providessatisfactory pain relief and low cost. It can combine with analgesic and antinflamatory medication.Reduces patients hospital stay and even suggested admission Toxicity at xylocaine noticed only aprox 1% in study population.
July 2026
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Journal Area:ABSTRACT:Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6633
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This paper develops an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model that incorporates three realistic features of modern inventory systems: linear time-dependent demand, linear deterioration of stocked items, and a partial backlogging rate that varies with waiting time. Many traditional EOQ models assume constant demand and exponential deterioration, which limits their applicability to industries where consumption patterns grow steadily and items deteriorate at a proportional rate. To address this gap, the proposed model formulates a deterministic framework in which demand increases or decreases linearly over time, and deterioration is represented through a linear deterioration coefficient. Shortages are permitted, and the willingness of customers to wait is modelled as a decreasing function of the waiting time, leading to time-dependent partial backlogging. The total cost function is derived by combining ordering, holding, deterioration, and shortage-related costs and the optimal replenishment cycle and order quantity are obtained using analytical methods. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis highlight the influence of key parameters on the optimal policy. The findings demonstrate that time-dependent backlogging significantly affects shortage decisions, while linear demand and deterioration jointly shape replenishment frequency. The developed model offers practical insights for inventory managers dealing with gradually changing demand trends and products vulnerable to deterioration.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6641 -
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The experience of meaninglessness represents one of the most pervasive yet poorly understood psychological phenomena of contemporary life. This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical and empirical examination of the relationships between social detachment, alienation, and the experience of meaninglessness. Drawing upon classical sociological frameworks, contemporary psychological research, and existential therapeutic traditions, I argue that meaninglessness emerges not as an individual pathology but as a predictable psychological outcome of social detachment operating through multiple interconnected pathways. The analysis synthesizes evidence from social exclusion research demonstrating that rejection produces immediate cognitive deconstruction and meaninglessness, longitudinal studies identifying social connectedness as the strongest predictor of meaning in life, and clinical observations of existential neurosis. Four mechanisms are identified through which detachment generates meaninglessness: cognitive deconstruction following social exclusion, the erosion of normative frameworks, the loss of relational sources of meaning, and shame-mediated dissociative detachment. The paper concludes by examining therapeutic implications, particularly the potential of meaning-centered interventions to address the existential vacuum created by social detachment. This framework suggests that meaninglessness is best understood not as a philosophical problem to be resolved through individual reflection but as a social-psychological condition requiring reconnection and relational repair.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6642 -
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Background: Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern in India despite being largely preventable through screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Delayed diagnosis, poor treatment compliance, and inadequate follow-up continue to compromise treatment outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings. Clinical audits provide an opportunity to evaluate institutional practices, identify deficiencies in patient care, and guide quality improvement initiatives. Objective: To evaluate the demographic and clinicopathological profile, treatment patterns, treatment compliance, clinical outcomes, treatment-related toxicities, and follow-up status of patients with carcinoma cervix managed at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective clinical audit was conducted in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, India. Medical records of 283 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma cervix registered between January 2018 and December 2023 were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, FIGO stage, histopathology, treatment details, treatment compliance, response to therapy, treatment-related toxicities, and follow-up data were collected. Of the registered patients, 193 (68.2%) completed the planned treatment protocol and were included for response and toxicity assessment. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and expressed as frequencies, percentages, medians, and ranges. Results: The median age at presentation was 54 years (range, 18–69 years). Most patients presented with locally advanced disease (FIGO stage III–IV, 59.0%), while squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histological subtype. Among the 193 patients who completed treatment, the majority received definitive radiotherapy with concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy followed by intracavitary brachytherapy. At the first post-treatment evaluation, 125 patients (65.0%) achieved a complete clinical response, whereas residual disease, progressive disease, and recurrence were observed in 11.0%, 19.0%, and 5.0% of patients, respectively. Anaemia was the most common acute treatment-related toxicity, while bladder and rectal complications represented the predominant late toxicities. Treatment default (31.8%) and poor long-term follow-up were identified as the principal deficiencies in patient management. Conclusion: This clinical audit demonstrates that a substantial proportion of patients continue to present with advanced-stage cervical cancer, reflecting persistent gaps in early detection and timely referral. Although satisfactory clinical response was achieved among patients completing definitive treatment, treatment completion and follow-up remained suboptimal. Strengthening community awareness, expanding cervical cancer screening, improving referral pathways, reducing treatment interruptions, and implementing structured patient-tracking systems are essential quality improvement measures to optimize cervical cancer care in resource-constrained settings.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6651 -
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Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) prevalence and dialysis demand in India have surged steadily over the past decade, propelled by rapid aging populations, escalating hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and broader non-communicable disease (NCD) epidemics. These converging factors overwhelm India's strained healthcare infrastructure, which struggles with limited dialysis centers, workforce shortages, and uneven rural access. High-burden states like Bihar face acute challenges, where rural populations endure delayed diagnoses and 2.8-fold higher demand relative to urban Delhi, exacerbating mortality and economic burdens. Methodology: This comprehensive time-series analysis synthesizes secondary data from National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-4/5, 2015-21), ICMR-INDIAB longitudinal studies (2014-22), and National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) dialysis registries (2012-24). Focusing on interstate variations in Delhi, Maharashtra, and Bihar, it employs Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models incorporating HTN/DM covariates (correlation r=0.87). Complementary Granger causality tests assess DM/HTN drivers, while age-period-cohort decomposition disentangles temporal effects. Projections extend to 2035 using ARIMA forecasts validated against GBD trends. Findings: CKD prevalence climbed from 9.2% in 2015 to 14.8% in 2024 across analyzed regions, with projections reaching 18-22% by 2035. Bihar's rural dialysis demand exceeds Delhi's by 2.8-fold, driven by underserved populations and delayed diagnoses. Models yield Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) of 3.2% for prevalence and 4.1% for dialysis initiations; DM incidence explains 68% of prevalence variance. Elderly (≥60 years) face 28% prevalence due to cohort NCD exposures. Policy Recommendations: By 2030, India requires 1.2 million additional dialysis slots amid population growth. Policymakers should prioritize integrated NCD platforms merging NFHS with real-time hospital data, alongside mobile screening units and subsidized dialysis targeting high-burden areas like Bihar for equitable, sustainable healthcare.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6650 -
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Background: Climate change is increasingly recognized as a fundamental driver of human displacement. Rising sea levels, prolonged droughts, intensifying cyclones, and unpredictable precipitation patterns are disrupting livelihoods and forcing communities from their homes. While migration has historically been a human adaptive strategy, the scale and compulsion associated with climate-induced displacement challenges existing humanitarian, legal, and policy frameworks. Objective(s): This paper examines the principal mechanisms through which climate change drives human migration, analyses the demographic and geographic profiles of climate migrants, evaluates the adequacy of current international legal frameworks to protect climate-displaced persons, and proposes evidence-based policy recommendations to address this escalating global challenge. Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed academic literature, reports from intergovernmental organisations (UNHCR, IOM, IPCC, World Bank), and case studies from climate-vulnerable regions was conducted. Thematic analysis was employed to identify patterns in drivers, destinations, and policy gaps. Comparative analysis of legal instruments was undertaken to assess protection deficits. Results: Evidence indicates that climate change currently displaces an estimated 21.5 million people annually, with projections suggesting 216 million internal climate migrants by 2050 under moderate warming scenarios. Slow-onset events, including desertification and sea-level rise, produce sustained displacement, while sudden-onset disasters generate acute migration surges. The most affected populations are in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Small Island Developing States. Existing refugee law does not recognise climate displacement, creating a significant protection gap. Conclusions: Climate-induced migration represents one of the most pressing humanitarian and governance challenges of the twenty-first century. The existing international framework is inadequate to protect climate migrants. A multi-pronged response — encompassing legal recognition, adaptation financing, managed retreat programmes, and bilateral migration agreements — is urgently required. Early, ambitious climate action remains the most effective long-term preventive measures.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6654 -
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This study integrates airborne radiometric data and trace element geochemistry to delineate prospective mineralization zones within the Ikole–Itapaji Basement Complex, Southwestern Nigeria. Airborne radiometric datasets comprising potassium (K), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) channels were obtained from the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency (NGSA) and processed to generate K, Th, U, potassium deviation (KD), and ternary radiometric maps. Thirty-five fresh rock samples were collected during geological mapping, from which twenty representative samples were selected for trace element analysis. Trace element concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS) following partial multi-acid digestion with hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO₃), and perchloric acid (HClO₄), combined with lithium metaborate fusion. Statistical analyses involving Pearson correlation and factor analysis were used to evaluate elemental relationships and the controls on trace element distribution.The radiometric maps reveal elevated K, Th, U, and KD anomalies concentrated mainly within the Itapaji–Bolorunduro corridor, indicating felsic lithologies affected by hydrothermal alteration. Factor analysis extracted two significant components explaining 92.04% of the total variance. The first component (80.34%) is dominated by the Cu–Ni–Co–Fe–Zn association and represents the principal lithological factor, whereas the second component (11.71%) comprising As–Th–Ag–Pb reflects hydrothermal pathfinder mineralization. Correlation analysis further confirms strong positive relationships among Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Zn, while Ag, Pb, and Th define a distinct secondary association. The study demonstrates that integrating airborne radiometric data with trace element geochemistry provides a reliable framework for mineral prospectivity mapping and enhances metallic mineral exploration within the Nigerian Basement Complex.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6655 -
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Ovarian enlargements cystic or solid ,may occur at any age. Functional and inflammatory enlargements of the ovary develop almost exclusively during reproductive age group. They may be asymptomatic or they may produce local discomfort, menstrual disturbances ,infertility or may acutely present as haemorrhage rupture or torsion .Ovarian mucinous cystadenomas are cystic lined by mucin producing epithelial cells. About 80% are benign 10% are borderline and 10% malignant Case: Our reported case is a 35 year old multiparous perimenopausal women with two caesarean section who presented with progressive abdominal distension with pressure symptoms. This patient presented at the Gynaecology OPD at KAP Viswanathan Government medical college and MGMGH Trichy. The tumor was removed by Laparotomy without any spill and her per operative and postoperative periods were uneventful. Materials and methods: The details were collected from the history, clinical examination, radiological findings and histopathology. Results: Ovarian mucinous cystadenomas are essentially benign in nature. These tumors if not timely managed can be potentially dangerous if it ruptures. Such complications are rare nowadays because of early detection.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6498 -
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The rise of digital technologies is redefining how young people in Ziguinchor, a city in south-western Senegal, participate in the management of their city. Indeed, digital technology, as a new space for free expression, allows them to bypass conventional forms of citizen participation and, as a result, to make their voices heard more clearly. This new civic power in the hands of young people is leading to a new type of governance that is now horizontal and direct, particularly with tags to the relevant authorities. From a sociological point of view, the concept of empowerment makes it possible to account for the potential acquired by young people thanks to digital technologies. The purpose of this article combining sociological approach and web scraping, is to assess the extent of digital participation by this connected generation in the local governance of this medium-sized city, which has been affected by a desire for secession in the region known as the Casamance conflict, described as "low intensity", which began in the early 1980s and lasted for more than two decades, with all its consequences. This assessment was based on empirical data collected from 610 young people in 10 targeted neighbourhoods that fit a well-defined typology (well-off, mixed, peripheral or spontaneous), as well as web scraping of 1000 comments and posts on the main Facebook pages related to the city. Socialisation into digital citizenship from a cultural, social and political perspective was identified thanks to the intervention of local NGOs. The approach adopted combines a territorial analysis of the digital divide with a detailed examination of socio-demographic profiles and infrastructure contexts. The analysis focuses in particular on young people aged 18 to 24, both girls and boys, whether in education or not, according to the socio-spatial status of the neighbourhoods (residential and administrative, peripheral, working-class or informal). Young people make up more than half of the Senegalese population (75% are under 35, according to the latest census conducted by the National Agency for Statistics and Demography). To this end, the concept of empowerment can facilitate this comprehensive approach, enabling us to rethink participation, which becomes direct regardless of educational level and type of neighbourhood. Among the obstacles to full participation by young people in decision-making bodies are volunteering and strong intergenerational ties. 18-20 year olds do not have the same digital citizenship practices as 21-24 year olds.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6544 -
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Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning or reprofiling, has emerged as a highly transformative strategy in modern pharmaceutical research, providing an efficient and economical alternative to traditional de novo drug discovery processes. Traditional drug development pipelines require 10 to 15 years and financial investments exceeding two billion dollars, while repurposingmakesefficient use of pre-existing clinical safety, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological profiles. This strategy significantly compresses development timelines to 5 to 7 years and drastically cuts down research expenses. This comprehensive review examines the major core methodologies driving the field and categorizing them systematically into ligand-based drug-oriented, structure-based target-oriented, and network-driven disease-oriented approaches. It details how recent advancements in computational biology, artificial intelligence, high-throughput phenotypic screening, molecular docking, and multi-omics data analytics have collectively accelerated the precise identification of novel drug-disease correspondences. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of landmark historical case studies, including Sildenafil, Aspirin, Thalidomide, and Metformin, showing their successful clinical translation in different therapeutic areas, including oncology, psychiatry, immunology, and emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19.Despite many clinical advantages, widespread adoption faces critical bottlenecks. These include the inherent biological complexity of heterogeneous diseases, limited intellectual property protections for generic or off-patent medications, complex regulatory frameworks, and data integration limits. This review balances these major advantages against remaining structural challenges, highlighting that robust interdisciplinary collaboration between academia, pharmaceutical industries, public health bodies, and international regulatory agencies is absolutely imperative to systematically unlock the full therapeutic potential of existing chemical libraries and expand global healthcare resources. Drug repurposing stands as acrucial tool for fast-tracking therapeutic solutions and addressing global health inequities.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6656 -
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This study assesses the current state of prosthetics and orthotics (P&O) rehabilitation services at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) under the Ghana Health Services (GHS) in Kumasi. The qualitative case study design enabled the exploration of infrastructure, human resources, logistics, and the overall quality of P&O services. Findings reveal significant challenges, including outdated equipment, inadequate facilities, a shortage of trained professionals, and financial constraints that limit the availability of essential materials and advanced technologies. The lack of standardized operating procedures (SOPs) contributes to inconsistencies in service delivery, impacting the quality of care. The study underscores the necessity for substantial investments in modern infrastructure, comprehensive training programs, and the development of SOPs to enhance service delivery. Recommendations include policy reforms, capacity building, and fostering international partnerships to leverage global best practices. Addressing these challenges through a multifaceted approach is crucial for improving the accessibility, efficiency, and overall quality of P&O services in Ghana, ultimately enhancing the lives of individuals reliant on these essential services.
Pub. Date: July 30, 2026Paper No:6657