The Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC) introduced a Moodle-based eLearning platform in 2014 to support teaching and learning across selected programmes. Despite the availability of the platform, its adoption among students remained uneven across departments, raising concerns about the technological factors influencing its effective use. This study examined the technological factors associated with the adoption of eLearning among students at KMTC Nairobi Campus. Guided by a cross-sectional survey design, the study targeted students drawn from six departments. A stratified random sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 261 students. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire incorporating items measured on a five-point Likert scale. Out of the 261 questionnaires administered, 255 were completed and returned, representing a response rate of 96.55%. The study findings showed that technological factors had a moderate influence on students' adoption of eLearning, with an overall mean rating of 3.24 (SD = 0.89). Regression analysis further revealed that the perceived ease of using the Moodle platform was a statistically significant predictor of eLearning adoption (p = 0.009, p < 0.05). The findings suggest that although the eLearning platform was accessible within the institution, many students lacked adequate knowledge and skills to use it effectively. The study concludes that access to eLearning technology alone is insufficient to ensure its adoption. Institutions should therefore complement technological infrastructure with user-friendly system design, orientation, and continuous capacity-building programmes to enhance students' competence and sustained engagement with eLearning platforms.
Vol. 13, Issue 08, August, 2026
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ABSTRACT:DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6700.08.2026
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ABSTRACT:
This study aimed to determine the optimal plant density, fertiliser rate, number and timing of fertiliser applications for the Burley CSC tobacco cultivar in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam, to ensure high yield and desirable leaf quality. During the 2025–2026 growing season, the plant density and fertiliser rate experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three plant densities (27,500, 31,000, and 34,500 plants ha⁻¹) and three fertiliser rates (190, 220, and 250 kg N ha⁻¹), with constant rates of 110 kg P₂O₅ and 300 kg K₂O ha⁻¹ and three replications. A randomised complete block design was used to evaluate four fertiliser application regimes at 220:110:300 kg N₂O₅₂O ha⁻¹: two applications at 8 and 25 days after transplanting (DAT), and three applications at 8, 25 and 40; 8, 25 and 45; or 8, 25 and 55 DAT. Plant density, fertiliser rate, and application regime significantly affected growth, yield, and quality. The combination of 34,500 plants ha⁻¹ and 220:110:300 kg N₂O₅₂O ha⁻¹ produced a yield of 3.54 t ha⁻¹, 83.8% grade 1+2 leaves, nicotine content of 4.02%, and a total sensory smoking score of 36.9 points, classified as Good. Increasing N to 250 kg ha⁻¹ did not significantly increase yield but increased bacterial wilt incidence and nicotine content, adversely affecting smoking quality. Among application regimes, three applications at 8, 25 and 45 DAT were most suitable, producing 3.61 t ha⁻¹, 84.9% grade 1+2 leaves, and a sensory smoking score of 36.7 points. Based on these findings, a preliminary optimised agronomic practice is proposed for the Burley CSC cultivar in Dak Lak Province: 34,500 plants ha⁻¹, 220:110:300 kg N₂O₅₂O ha⁻¹, and three fertiliser applications at 8, 25 and 45 DAT. Further studies over one to two growing seasons are required to confirm the stability and consistency of this practice.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6686.08.2026 -
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In recent years, the city of Porto-Novo has experienced significant population growth and urban development. This growth has resulted in a decrease in the availability of agricultural land within the city. The aim of this research is to identify and map the areas available for urban agriculture in Porto-Novo. The methodological approach used is structured around the identification of the data used: data collection, data processing, and results analysis. It also takes into account the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify and map the areas available for urban agriculture in the city of Porto-Novo. In total, 65 people were surveyed. The results of this study identified the following types of areas suitable for agriculture: marshy land; uncultivated land; bare soil; house foundations; balconies; terraces; and fish ponds. GIS was used to map these available agricultural areas within the city using manual scanning. This technique involves visually identifying areas unsuitable for agriculture on a recent image. These approaches used for spatialization made it possible to determine the area of available space of approximately 959 hectares in Porto-Novo.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6674.08.2026 -
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Pulses are an important component of the agricultural system and a major source of dietary protein in Maharashtra. However, their productivity is significantly affected by various fungal diseases such as Fusarium wilt, dry root rot, powdery mildew, rust, and Cercospora leaf spot. The present review aims to compile and analyze existing research on the occurrence and management of major fungal diseases in pulse crops. The study is based on secondary data collected from peer-reviewed journals, books, and institutional publications. The reviewed literature indicates that fungal pathogens cause considerable yield losses, especially under favorable environmental conditions. Various management strategies including cultural practices, use of resistant varieties, chemical control, and biological control have been evaluated by different researchers. Among these, biological control using beneficial microorganisms and the development of resistant varieties are gaining importance due to their eco-friendly nature. The findings emphasize that Integrated Disease Management (IDM), which combines cultural, biological, and chemical methods, is the most effective and sustainable approach for managing fungal diseases in pulses. The review also highlights the influence of environmental factors and the need for climate-resilient disease management strategies. Adoption of improved practices and increased farmer awareness are essential for enhancing pulse productivity and ensuring sustainable agriculture.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6670.08.2026 -
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Déclarée le 15 mai 2026 dans la province de l'Ituri, au nord-est de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC), la 17ᵉ épidémie de Maladie à Virus Ebola que connaît le pays depuis 1976 se distingue par une propagation plus rapide que toute épidémie d'Ebola antérieurement documentée, par son caractère interprovincial et transfrontalier, et par la rareté de la souche en cause, le virus Bundibugyo, pour lequel aucun vaccin ni traitement homologué n'est disponible bien que quelques cas d’essais cliniques sont en cours . A ce jour,103ième jours après sa déclaration officielle, l'épidémie a déjà conquis six provinces du pays faisant 2744 décès, 770 patients en isolement/ Hospitalisation, 1269 patients guéris sur 5713 cas recensés, se propageant au-delà de la province de l'Ituri vers le Nord-Kivu, le Sud-Kivu, Haut-Uéle, Bas-Uélé Tshopo, et jusqu'en Ouganda, pays voisin. Cette crise sanitaire survient dans un contexte régional marqué par des décennies de conflits armés, la présence de dizaines de groupes armés, des déplacements massifs de population et des attaques répétées contre les agents et les structures de santé. Mobilisant les cadres théoriques de la gestion des urgences de santé publique et de la coordination multi-acteurs, cet article propose une analyse systématique du rôle joué par les différentes catégories d'acteurs notamment les autorités nationales et provinciales congolaises, les organisations internationales, les partenaires techniques et financiers bilatéraux, les organisations non gouvernementales, les communautés locales et les tradipraticiens dans la riposte à cette épidémie, ainsi que des défis spécifiques que l'insécurité, la méfiance communautaire et la fragilité du système de santé font peser sur son contrôle effectif.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6669.08.2026 -
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This research was driven by Nigeria’s continuing fiscal deficits, a low tax-to-GDP ratio, and volatile petroleum-dependent revenues, all of which weakened public infrastructure financing and macroeconomic stability. Accordingly, the study assessed how tax revenue affects public budget deficits in Nigeria by using time-series data covering 1981 to 2024. It adopted a quantitative longitudinal research design. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to examine both short-run and long-run relationships after unit root tests (Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Philip-Perron) established that the variables were a mixture of stationary series. The empirical findings showed that total tax revenue has a statistically significant positive impact on public budget outcomes in both the long and the short run, thereby confirming its essential contribution to fiscal stabilization. Disaggregated results indicated that indirect taxes consistently enhanced the budget balance, while direct taxes and higher public expenditure initially created short-term fiscal strain, attributable to compliance costs and spending pressures. Even so, highly significant negative error-correction terms indicated a swift adjustment back to long-run equilibrium after temporary shocks. The study concluded that tax revenue mobilization significantly reduces public budget deficits. It recommended that fiscal authorities prioritize full tax administration digitalisation, broaden the tax net, and rigorously enforce the Fiscal Responsibility Act in tandem with spending controls.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6666.08.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
This study explores the integration of low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) tools in pre-service teacher education and evaluates their impact on teaching practices, self-efficacy, and reflective pedagogy. The research addresses the gap in traditional teacher training, which often lacks real-time feedback and relies heavily on delayed and subjective evaluations. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study involved 85 pre-service teachers divided into an experimental group (n=43) exposed to IoT-enabled classrooms and a control group (n=42) trained through conventional methods. The intervention employed simple yet effective IoT tools such as RFID-based attendance tracking, noise level sensors, and QR-code-based student feedback forms. Quantitative data were collected through IoT metrics and the Self-Efficacy for Teaching with Technology Scale (SETTS), while qualitative insights were gathered via semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and mentor field observations. Findings revealed that the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher classroom engagement (27.1% increase), reduced noise levels (11.4% decrease), and improved lesson effectiveness scores (50% improvement), compared to the control group. Post-test SETTS scores also showed statistically significant gains in the experimental group, especially in the domains of reflective practice and technology implementation. Qualitative data further underscored enhanced teacher awareness, data-informed instructional adaptability, and stronger mentor-trainee collaboration in the IoT environment. The study concludes that IoT integration in teacher education not only enriches instructional quality but also fosters real-time pedagogical reflection and adaptability. The research recommends the inclusion of affordable IoT tools in teacher training programs to bridge the theory-practice gap and improve classroom readiness among future educators.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6714.08.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
Urban housing continues to present itself as a major problem in urban centres in Nigeria. This study aimed at examining challenges of land acquisition system on housing development in major cities of selected states in South-South region, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted while questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection. The population of the study was drawn from the archive of Estate Surveyors and Valuers Registration Board of Nigeria (ESVARBON, 2022). Consequently, copies of questionnaire were administered to 155 registered members across the States to obtain relevant information on the subject under investigation. Data analysis was done using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed that effective housing development is hindered by inadequate funding (23.3%), high construction costs (19.4%), limited land availability (12.5%) and rapid urbanization (11.2%). The analysis further revealed public dissatisfaction with land acquisition system. The transparency of land acquisition processes scored a weighted mean (WM) of 2.4. Similarly, the clarity of government policies on land acquisition fared slightly better (WM = 2.5). When it comes to rights protection, the Land Use Act's effectiveness (WM = 2.6) received mixed responses, showing that while some believe it offers protection, others remain unconvinced. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) also showed that there is statistically significant relationship between land access and housing development in the study area at p<0.05. Arising from the findings, the study recommended improved access to affordable financing for housing among other recommendations.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6671.08.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
The Kenya Tribal groups living in the Satpuda and Ajanta hill areas of northern Maharashtra, such as the Bhil, Pawara, Koli Malhar, Tokre Koli, Pardhi, Gavit and their smaller groups, have been farming for many years using traditional knowledge that is good for the environment, inexpensive, and part of their culture. This paper looks at how these communities manage pests in five districts: Jalgaon, Dhule, Nandurbar, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, and Jalna. The study uses data from census reports from 1961 to 2011, surveys in 115 villages across twelve administrative regions, and observations of local customs. It records various traditional methods like using plant-based solutions (especially neem leaf extracts), smoke, and soil treatments, making natural fertilizers from cows, using a special plant mix called Dashparni Ark, trapping pests physically, and storing grains in traditional ways like the Kangi system. The analysis shows that the Bhil are the largest group among these tribes, and Nandurbar is the district with the highest concentration of tribal people since it was formed in 1998.The study highlights the smart, eco-friendly farming practices of these communities and suggests that their traditional knowledge should be combined with modern pest control methods to help create better, low-cost farming in the dry areas where these tribes live.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6679.08.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les facteurs de la faible fiscalisation du secteur informelà Adjamé. Pour ce faire, une enquête de terrain a été réalisée à Adjamé en juillet 2024. L’étude a été réalisée dans une approche mixte comprenant l’approche qualitative et l’approche quantitative. L’approche qualitative a été réalisée auprès de 21 acteurs choisis par choix raisonné et dans les principes de la saturation des données. Elle a pris en compte les agents du service des impôts, de la mairie et des centres de gestion agréés. L’approche quantitative a été réalisée par une administration du questionnaire auprès de 357 commerçants. Les analyses de contenu et multivariée ont été mobilisées comme méthodes pour analyser les données. À l’issue de l’étude, plusieurs résultats ont été obtenus. Il ressort que les pratiques des commerçants et des institutions publiques chargées des impôts et des taxes constituent assez de barrières à l’imposition du secteur informel dans la commune d’Adjamé.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6688.08.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
The aim of this research is to analyse carbon emission policies in transport in India, European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK) and to recognise its differences in carbon emission policies in these three regions in regard to regulatory framework, policies and impacts. The transport sector continues to be a key source of global CO₂ emissions, as a direct result of the population growth of urban areas, countries' economic developments and growing energy requirements. The paper draws conclusions about the legal approaches, policy tools and judicious measures which influence emission control in these areas by adopting a qualitative and comparative approach. These findings indicate that while the EU and UK have strict, legally binding rules with effective carbon pricing and compliance mechanisms, a gradual (incentive-based) strategy for introducing climate rules is being continued in India, taking one-on-one economic and policy flexibility into account. Although progress has been made, issues like reliance on fossil fuels, poor engagement and infrastructure remain. Overall, the study highlights the importance of adopting a holistic approach that incorporates both legal and technological solutions and behavioural shift to create sustainable, low-carbon transportation systems at the international level.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6696.08.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) hospitals in India provide care to personnel, families, and in some places nearby communities. Many of these hospitals run low surgical volume but still face major emergencies such as trauma, obstetric crises, and acute abdominal conditions. This mix puts anaesthesia services under strain. Evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and non operating room anaesthesia (NORA) shows that anaesthesia outside well-equipped operating theatres carries higher risk when basic equipment, monitoring, and staffing are weak.(Romero, 2024; Herman et al., 2021; Woodward, 2017; Kaye, 2025) CAPF hospitals share many of these features, including aging machines, limited monitoring, frequent referrals, and a shortage of trained staff. This article adapts lessons from NORA and LMIC perioperative safety literature to the specific context of low-volume CAPF hospitals, using five headings—technical, Organisational, economic, educational, and workforce—to describe key risks and propose practical system-level steps to restore safety. The central argument is that low case numbers are not the core problem; based on evidence from LMIC perioperative systems and our experience in CAPF hospitals, lack of steady investment and weak governance are likely to contribute more to risk than volume alone.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6705.08.2026