This two years study investigates a severe diseases outbreak causing heavy economic and environmental losses in a public park at Kurukshetra, Haryana (India), where a virulent strain of the white-rot fungus Ganoderma species caused a heavy mortality rate of 75 % of Albizzia lebbek (siris) trees. Field survey revealed that the hyphal colonization targets the lignin and cellulose within the root xylem and vascular cambium, disrupting water and nutrient translocation. This leads to progressive crown wilting, bark splitting at the collar region, and eventual tree's mortality. This fungal pathogen is identified a new species of Ganoderma (stipitate, varnished, kidney- to fan - shaped, reddish- brown shiny cap with concentric zones, a lateral small stipe, and creamish underneath), infecting exclusively A. lebbek population, revealing host specificity. This taxon is distinct than other species reported on A. lebbek and is named Ganoderma lebbekicola sp nov. The disease can be treated by using chemical fungicide (e.g., hexaconazole, propiconazole, or Bavistin), myco-fungicide (Trichoderma harzianum or T. viride), or integrated applications of both, and preventing the dispersal of conks in the fields.
Vol. 13, Issue 09, September, 2026
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ABSTRACT:DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6710.09.2026
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ABSTRACT:
Rather than being contained within the usual library space, public libraries are deploying services across a variety of sites. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Flybrary project (developed by the Bakul Foundation and the Airports Authority of India), as a public space book-sharing project located in Bhubaneswar Airport, to gain insights about accessibility, outreach and engagement beyond library spaces. Since no respondent-level field dataset was provided, the quantitative component of this study will use only a clearly labeled sample dataset of 200 cases to illustrate an empirical framework. A thousand case dataset was created with eleven 3 item Likert constructs. These constructs then underwent descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, correlations, regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The simulation constructs had a reliability range between .726 and .835. The joint contribution of accessibility, community outreach, awareness, and ease of access accounted for 31.3 percent of the variation in library engagement. Engagement, satisfaction and perceived usefulness accounted for 29.2 percent of the variation in reuse intention. The author hypothesizes that Flybrary type models should support, rather than supplant, conventional public libraries The author will construct a field validation agenda on the collections deployed in Flybrary and other similar sites, and will also study circulation, inclusion, collection relevance, stewardship and the deployment of Flybrary type models in other spaces across India.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6746.09.2026 -
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Scientific and accurate temperature prediction is a key link in realizing meteorological disaster early warning and efficient use of climate resources, and it is also an important prerequisite for promoting smart meteorological construction and refined meteorological services. Due to the complex characteristics of temperature series such as non-linearity, time-varying, and seasonality, and the comprehensive influence of various uncertain factors such as atmospheric circulation, topography, humidity, and wind speed, the data obtained through various data collection methods are often uncertain. These uncertainties may affect the information presented by the quantitative results, which limits the accuracy of the prediction model to a certain extent. In this paper, the monthly average minimum temperature, monthly average temperature and monthly average maximum temperature in Chengdu from 2008 to 2018 are used as three boundary points to construct a triangular fuzzy number sequence, and to convert the triangular fuzzy number sequence into three index number sequences with equal information for the sake of data integrity. For the three index number sequences, the time series Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and the gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network are constructed respectively. Finally, on the basis of the prediction results of a single model, the induced order weighting (IOWA) operator are introduced. A triangular fuzzy combination prediction model of ARIMA-GRU integrating IOWA operators is established, and the temperature prediction value is obtained by de-fuzzification. The new model is applied to the temperature series prediction of Chengdu from 2008 to 2018, and compared with ARIMA model and GRU neural network, the results show that the performance of the new model in terms of mean square error (MSE) and average accuracy is better than that of other models, significantly improving the prediction accuracy of air temperature.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6733.09.2026 -
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Highly appreciated for his” sumptuous and inventive language” (James Sutherland Smith), poet, critic and translator Debasish Lahiri from Lal Baba College, affiliated to the University of Calcutta, is the new type of international writer who builds bridges among cultures fusing traditions and inviting comparative readings, in the spirit of the new world literature theorized by David Damrosch or Homi Bhabha, who claim that no national literature evolves in isolation from the others. It is not the non-places of transnational space that stirred the ekphrastic imagination of poet Debasish Lahiri, however, but cultural landmarks from various parts of the world remediated in the manner of multimedial aesthetics and through generic experimentation. The ontogenesis of each poem resides in the actualization of a virtual structure of meaning lurking in the art object, the self-representation, in dramatic monologue, of a character in a picture, etc. Unlike traditional ekphrasis, Lahiri’s poems in A Certain Penance of Light (Red River, 2025) break frontiers between the realms of physicality, subjectivity and the order of artifacts, creating a space of perpetual emergence of the contemplated objects into new possibilities of revelatory interpretation and reinscription.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6730.09.2026 -
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Background: Paraspinal abscess during the neonatal period is extremely uncommon. Few case reports have been reported in the age group 3-12 years. Case Presentation: A neonate had presented with progressive paraspinal swelling. Radiological Investigations suggested it to be either a cystic lymphangioma or Meningomyelocele. However Clinical findings and lab reports strongly suggested an inflammatory lesion. Management and outcome: in view of strong clinical suspicion, an Incision and drainage of the abscess was done. It revealed frank pus which was sent for culture and sensitivity. Patient was put on I.V. antibiotics and responded well to treatment. Conclusion: Paraspinal abscess should be considered as a differential diagnosis in a neonate presenting with spinal swelling with signs of inflammation. Over reliance on radiological investigations superseding clinical examination can prove detrimental.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6715.09.2026 -
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Recognizing the role of inland fisheries, Government of India established a Central Inland Fisheries Research Station at Calcutta on 17 March 1947, under the then Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Later, in 1959, the Central Inland Fisheries Research Station was elevated to a full-fledged research institute, christened as "Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute". In 1967 it came under the administration of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture (currently Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's Welfare), New Delhi.India has vast and varied types of inland fisheries resources in the form of rivers, estuaries, reservoirs, floodplain wetlands, lakes, coastal lagoons and backwaters, which play important roles in fish production in the country, ensuring food and nutritional security, employment generation and livelihoods to millions of people.The Institute strives for knowledge-based management of inland open waters for sustainable fisheries, conservation of aquatic biodiversity, integrity of ecological services and to derive social benefits from these waters. Headquarters of the Institute is located at Barrackpore, West Bengal; the Regional Research Centres are located at Allahabad, Guwahati, Bangalore and Vadodara, with Research Centres at Kochi and Kolkata. The Institute is ISO 9001: 2008 certified and provide world-class service standards.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6711.09.2026 -
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the most promising innovations in implant dentistry, that allows the production of patient-specific implants with higher accuracy, better anatomical adaptability, and improved clinical results. This digital workflow minimizes material waste, production time, and surgical complexity while enabling precise personalization. A variety of additive manufacturing techniques including selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP) and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) have significantly broadened the range of implant manufacturing. Titanium and titanium alloys continue to be the material of choice because of their superior mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Zirconia, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and bioactive ceramics, however, are being increasingly investigated for specific therapeutic applications. This review summarizes the principles, digital processes, manufacturing technologies, biomaterials, clinical applications, benefits, drawbacks, and future prospects of 3D printing in personalized dental implants.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6707.09.2026 -
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The study examined the adoption of climate-smart livestock practices among cattle farmers in Bauchi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting 446 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that the respondents had a mean age, household size, and livestock production experience of 43 years, 10 persons, and 23 years, respectively. Most (91.5%) of the respondents were male and 84.3% were married. Similarly, 33.2% had Qur'anic education. The major CSLP adopted by the respondents were zero-grazing (58.1%), fodder planting (49.1%), and feed conservation through hay/silage (47.1%). Similarly, Zero-grazing (0.58), rotational grazing (0.49), and feed conservation (0.47) recorded the highest adoption indices. Age (p<0.05), household size (p<0.05), access to extension/veterinary services (p<0.05), membership of association (p<0.05), awareness of climate-smart livestock practices (p<0.05), and access to training (p<0.05), significantly influenced the adoption of climate-smart livestock practices. The major constraints to adoption of CSLP were inadequate access to credit (81.8%), inadequate financial resources (70.6%), and high labour requirements for implementing new practices (57.4%). The study concluded that age, household size, access to extension services, training, farmer associations were the factors influencing the adoption of CSLP. The study recommended an improved livestock extension services through regular farmer visits and technical support, improving access to affordable credit to enable investment in climate-smart livestock practices, and expanding farmer training programmes to enhance technical knowledge and promote the adoption of climate-smart livestock practices.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6697.09.2026 -
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Social media is widely used among adolescents today. There are ample evidence of problematic social media usage and its effects on relationships and socio-emotional well-being. Early smartphone and social media exposure have led to deficits in social and emotional skills necessary for social adjustments and interpersonal relationships at later stages, especially in adolescents. This paper through a literature review firstly, attempts to map out the compounding effectsof how early exposure and environmental factors becomefertile grounds for developing compensatory use of social media. Ultimately leading to problematic social media usage. Early exposure is linked to deficits in social and emotional skills necessary for establishing and maintaining relationships in childhood and adolescence. This leads to loneliness and social anxiety among adolescents, leading towards increasing dependence on social media solely for social connections. These experiences lead to formations of maladaptive thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes about face-to-face interactions, further deepening their dependenceand problematic use. Secondly, this article tries to lay out how Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) can be used in combination to help adolescents move towards balanced online and offline relationships. CBT can help in understanding the context and internal working of the individual, helping them deal with the cognitions behind their behavior of dependence on social media. While SFBT can help in moving towards goal and solution-oriented approach for handling offline social interactions and balanced use for social media. Both CBT and SFBT are shown to be helpful in managing interpersonal relationships. While understanding the background, SFBT with its brief solution focused approach can be used providing practical solutions. The framework can be especially useful for therapists and school counsellors to help manage problematic social media usage among adolescents.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6758.09.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
Palestinians born and raised in the Arab Gulf present an unusual problem for refugee status determination. A person born in the United Arab Emirates or Saudi Arabia can spend decades there and never become a national of that state. Residence typically begins with a father's employment and family sponsorship and ends when that basis disappears. Many also carry a Jordanian temporary passport or another Jordanian travel document without being Jordanian citizens. In such cases, things that usually travel together come apart: birthplace and nationality, residence and a right to remain, a passport and citizenship. Drawing on scholarship on the Palestinian diaspora in the Gulf, citizenship and statelessness, Gulf migration and refugee governance, Jordanian nationality practices, and international refugee law, this article examines what that separation means for asylum determination. The central point is straightforward. Birth, long residence, and possession of a travel document answer different questions. None, by itself, establishes nationality or a secure right of return. I use the term fragmented membership for situations in which the protections and rights ordinarily gathered under nationality are divided among several states or authorities. For Gulf-born Palestinians who lack an effective nationality, that fragmentation makes nationality, former habitual residence, present admissibility, and effective state protection separate matters of inquiry.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6763.09.2026 -
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Le cancer du sein constitue l’une des affections les plus fréquentes et les plus déstabilisantes sur le plan psychologique chez la femme. Au-delà des atteintes organiques, cette maladie bouleverse profondément le rapport au corps, à l’identité et à la féminité. L’objectif de cette étude est de démontrer que les troubles de l’image du corps consécutifs au cancer ne représentent pas uniquement une conséquence psychologique secondaire, mais peuvent participer activement à l’évolution du processus pathologique. En effet, la perturbation du sentiment d’intégrité corporelle, la dévalorisation de soi et la perception négative du corps influencent la réponse émotionnelle et immunitaire, pouvant ainsi interférer avec le processus de rémission partielle. Cette recherche, menée auprès d’un échantillon de femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein, adopte une approche intégrative liant les dimensions biologiques, psychologiques et sociales. Les résultats mettent en évidence un lien significatif entre les altérations de l’image corporelle, la détresse émotionnelle et certains indicateurs de santé perçue. Ces constats soulignent l’importance d’une prise en charge globale qui intègre la dimension psychocorporelle dans le suivi thérapeutique, afin d’améliorer à la fois le bien-être psychologique et le pronostic somatique.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6662.09.2026 -
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A beetle feeding on ripe guava fruit was observed in guava trees. The damage it caused was evident, as it formed galleries inside the fruit and consumed the entire pulp, leaving only the outer covering. Most of the fruit, regardless of size, was being consumed by adult stages of the beetle. Insects were captured for taxonomic identification, and their biological characteristics were subsequently reviewed in scientific publications. The objective of this evaluation was to report and identify the beetle's taxonomy and describe its biological behavior. The taxonomic review, comparison, and identification determined that the beetle found on the guava fruit was Cyclocephala lunulata Burmeister, 1847. This insect is classified as a pest in two of its life cycle stages: larva and adult. It is a bivoltine insect adapted to warm tropical regions, capable of completing two life cycles per year, and the phytochemicals produced by the guava are its primary attractants. It is concluded that the region's agroclimatic conditions provide an ideal habitat for the development and reproduction of C. lunulata.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6728.09.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
Le programme de français au secondaire qualifiant au Maroc accorde une place importante à l'étude des œuvres littéraires. Ce choix pédagogique vise à développer chez l'apprenant des compétences de lecture, d'analyse et d'interprétation, tout en l'ouvrant à d'autres forms de pensée et d'expression. Toutefois, dans la pratique, ce programme rencontre deux obstacles majeurs : les difficultés linguistiques liées au niveau réel des élèves en français langue étrangère, et la difference culturelle entre les œuvres étudiées et l'univers socioculturel des apprenants. Cet article s'interroge sur la manière dont ces deux facteurs influencent l'enseignement et l'appropriation des textes littéraires au secondaire qualifiant. Il montre que la lecture littéraire devient souvent une activité difficile, non seulement parce que la langue pose problème, mais aussi parce que les références culturelles des textes ne sont pas toujours familières aux élèves. L'article met enfin en évidence la nécessité d'une médiation pédagogique plus adaptée pour rendre ce programme plus accessible et plus formateur.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6764.09.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
Gene editing is the process of altering DNA at specific locations in various cell types and organisms. It involves inserting, removing or replacing DNA, which can shut down certain genes, introduce new genetic traits, or fix harmful gene mutations. Because of its simple design, low cost, high efficiency, good repeatability, and quick results, CRISPR-Cas systems have become the most popular tool in molecular biology labs around the world. In this review, I will cover an overview of CRISPR-Cas systems, including their innovations, uses in human diseases research and gene therapy, as well as the challenges and opportunities they face in real-world applications.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6736.09.2026 -
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Irish potato is a major global food crop and a key source of food security and income for rural households. In Kenya, it ranks second after maize and is primarily grown by smallholder farmers. Despite its importance, productivity remains low due to limited access to inputs, credit, extension services, modern technologies, and timely market information. Market outlet choice strongly affects farmer profitability, yet many farmers rely on intermediaries who offer lower returns. This study investigated determinants of market outlet selection among 241 smallholder Irish potato farmers in Kinangop sub-county, Nyandarua County, Kenya. Data were collected using a piloted semi-structured questionnaire through cluster sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to profile farmers, while a multivariate probit model analyzed factors influencing the choice among brokers, local markets, urban markets, and contract arrangements. On average, farmers were 46 years old, had 10 years of education, 14 years of farming experience, and cultivated 0.92 acres of potatoes. Male-headed households formed 61%, and 72% of farmers lacked timely market information. Access to extension services (18%), credit (18%), and farmer groups (26%) was limited, though mobile phone ownership was high (85%). The mean distance to markets was 28 km. Market outlet choice was significantly influenced by age, gender, land size, market distance, access to information, credit, extension, phone ownership, and primary household occupation. Most farmers (92.95%) sold through brokers due to convenience, although this reduced returns. Strengthening cooperatives, improving access to non-profit marketing agencies, enhancing rural infrastructure, and expanding extension services could improve market efficiency, reduce exploitation, and enhance income stability.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6310.09.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
Aim: Aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of a new anticaries agent, Nanosilver fluoride (NSF), preventing and arresting caries in children. Materials and methods: A total of 52 deciduous molars, both maxillary and mandibular, were randomly selected from a group of 26 children aged 6 to 10, who were randomly assigned to the NSF experimental group or the saline control group. Teeth were clinically diagnosed and treated by a masked examiner, and they were followed up on at 7 days, 3 months, and 6 months by another calibrated examiner who was blind to the type of treatment. The ICDAS II criteria were used to determine the activity of the lesion and the diagnosis of caries. During the various follow-up examinations, the Pearson's Chi-square test was used to compare the groups. Results: The prevalence of caries was maximum in the age group of 9-10 years. At base line ICDAS score 4 was seen in 8 children (30.2%) in NSF group and in 5 children (19.2%) of saline group. For ICDAS score 4, at 6 months arrest was seen in 19.2% cases of NSF group and 11.2% in saline group and the difference was statistically significant. Soft caries was seen in all cases in both groups at baseline, however at 6 months, 24 (92.17%) cases in the NSF group and 3case (11.5%) in saline group showed conversion to hard caries and the difference was again statistically significant. Conclusions: From our observations we concluded that NSF can be used as an effective tool for the arrest of carious lesions.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6740.09.2026 -
ABSTRACT:
Background: Despite significant advances in oncology, cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, with conventional therapies constrained by non-specific toxicity, drug resistance, and limited tumour penetration. Nanomaterials have emerged as transformative platforms for precision oncology, yet the rapid proliferation of nanocarrier designs has created a fragmented literature landscape that obscures translational priorities. Methods: Relevant literature published between 2020 and 2026 was identified through searches of major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed articles addressing nanomaterial-based approaches for cancer therapy, imaging, immunotherapy, and theranostics were evaluated. Information regarding nanocarrier design, mechanisms of action, targeting strategies, therapeutic performance, clinical translation, and regulatory considerations was synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in anticancer nanomedicine. Results: A broad body of recent literature was evaluated to identify major trends, opportunities, and challenges in anticancer nanomedicine. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) demonstrated the highest clinical translation rate (representing approximately 38% of clinically approved nanomedicine platforms), while polymeric systems showed superior drug loading efficiency (up to 45% w/w). Metallic nanoparticles excelled in theranostic applications but exhibited persistent concerns regarding long-term accumulation. Active targeting strategies improved tumour specificity by 2.3–4.1-fold compared to passive EPR-dependent approaches, though clinical validation remains limited. Only 14 nanoformulations have received regulatory approval for oncology indications, with manufacturing scalability and regulatory pathway uncertainty identified as primary translational barriers. Conclusion: This review introduces a Clinical Readiness Scoring System (CRSS) to stratify nanomaterials by translational potential, identifying lipid-mRNA platforms, stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles, and biomimetic cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles as the most promising candidates for near-term clinical impact. Furthermore, we identify a critical paradigm shift from subcutaneous xenograft optimization to orthotopictumour microenvironment-informed design, providing actionable guidance for prioritizing nanomedicine platforms with the highest probability of clinical success. This framework enables rational prioritization of nanocarrier platforms for clinical translation, shifting the field from innovation-driven to translation-driven development.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.64485/ijramr.6752.09.2026