A digital twin approach for ai-controlled smart façades: empirical validation and strategic implementation in in achieving saudi vision 2030

This research explores the pivotal role of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based smart façades in advancing Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 objectives, emphasizing sustainability, energy efficiency, and quality of life. The study integrates AI algorithms with adaptive façade technologies to create intelligent building systems that dynamically respond to environmental and occupancy changes. Through simulation using a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach applied to a residential villa in Dammam, the research demonstrates a 33.3% reduction in cooling energy demand, a 26% improvement in daylight performance, and a 29.2% decrease in carbon emissions compared to static façades. The findings validate the feasibility of AI-driven adaptive envelopes as a strategic tool for sustainable urban development in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of these technologies to support the Kingdom’s transition toward smart, resilient cities aligned with Vision 2030’s sustainability and digital transformation pillars.