Aim: Aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of a new anticaries agent, Nanosilver fluoride (NSF), preventing and arresting caries in children. Materials and methods: A total of 52 deciduous molars, both maxillary and mandibular, were randomly selected from a group of 26 children aged 6 to 10, who were randomly assigned to the NSF experimental group or the saline control group. Teeth were clinically diagnosed and treated by a masked examiner, and they were followed up on at 7 days, 3 months, and 6 months by another calibrated examiner who was blind to the type of treatment. The ICDAS II criteria were used to determine the activity of the lesion and the diagnosis of caries. During the various follow-up examinations, the Pearson's Chi-square test was used to compare the groups. Results: The prevalence of caries was maximum in the age group of 9-10 years. At base line ICDAS score 4 was seen in 8 children (30.2%) in NSF group and in 5 children (19.2%) of saline group. For ICDAS score 4, at 6 months arrest was seen in 19.2% cases of NSF group and 11.2% in saline group and the difference was statistically significant. Soft caries was seen in all cases in both groups at baseline, however at 6 months, 24 (92.17%) cases in the NSF group and 3case (11.5%) in saline group showed conversion to hard caries and the difference was again statistically significant. Conclusions: From our observations we concluded that NSF can be used as an effective tool for the arrest of carious lesions.
