The United Nations Convention on Contracts of Carriage ratified by the UN General Assembly in December 2008. The convention, known as "International goods in total or in part by sea", was published in September 2009. The rules governing the maritime transport of goods internationally are of particular importance to the owners of the goods and to the owners of the maritime fleet in terms of its numerous effects. The most important role of the merchant fleet is the movement of goods at high volumes, so traditionally the first litigation and problems between the fleet owners and the trader on the responsibility of parties to maintain the goods. Principles and rules have been developed over the years regarding the transfer of responsibilities to the parties so that they can establish justice for each party and reduce the litigation of both parties. Given the dangers that occur when shipping goods at sea, the greatest focus is on the liability that occurs when damage or casualties occur. Therefore, this article seeks to introduce new dimensions of these responsibilities by examining and studying the past and present laws about the limits of the responsibilities and the established rules.
