The study's objective was to identify and assess unique cybersecurity challenges in academic institutions, including vulnerabilities in interconnected networks and the diverse user base. This study targeted students, faculty members, administration, and IT staff. The study showed that 68% expressed a high or concerned level of cybersecurity worry. The key challenges highlighted were phishing attacks (68%), lack of awareness and training (63%), unauthorized access (61%), weak passwords (59%), malware/ransomware (39%), lack of resources (37%), and inadequate network protection (34%). Cybersecurity measures were deemed ineffective (39%), moderately effective (22%), or highly effective (14.6%). Notable vulnerabilities within interconnected networks included outdated software/systems (58.5%), insider threats (56.1%), weak encryption (56.1%), third-party vulnerabilities (41.5%), and misconfigured devices (31.7%). Network vulnerability assessments were infrequent (65.4%). The major obstacles to the implementation of effective cybersecurity measures were lack of budget/resources (65.9%), limited awareness (63.4%), insufficient staff expertise (53.7%), and resistance to new tech (51.2%). The study revealed reported cybersecurity incidents or breaches (48.8%), underscoring the importance of preventive measures and incident response strategies to safeguard sensitive data and institutional integrity. The study recommended the Implementation of mandatory annual cybersecurity training and establishment of clear incident response protocols; Conducting of regular network vulnerability assessments and promote collaboration and ongoing training and lastly; Launch cybersecurity awareness campaigns and encourage two-factor authentication for academic accounts.
