The maritime industry occupies a central position in the global economic system by enabling the international movement of goods, raw materials, and energy resources. Approximately ninety percent of world trade by volume and more than seventy percent by value are transported by sea, making shipping the backbone of international commerce. Without efficient maritime transportation, global supply chains would collapse, affecting industrial production, consumer markets, and economic stability across nations. Over the past several decades, the shipping industry has undergone profound transformation due to globalization, technological advancement, regulatory reforms, and changes in labor markets. Ships have become larger, faster, and more technologically sophisticated. Navigation systems, automation, and digital communication have significantly improved operational efficiency. However, despite these technological advancements, the human element remains the most critical determinant of shipboard safety and performance.
