Cities need to become smarter by becoming more sustainable, more efficient and more livable. Information technology is helpful in making the city smarter. Smart cities are based on eight pillars comprises of buildings, energy, water, recycling, healthcare, mobility, services and finance. This paper focuses mainly on energy, environment and infrastructure which include all the eight pillars.
The paper deals with the study of a low cost agro waste construction material i.e. Strawbale .The cost of construction materials is increasing incrementally. It is essential to find functional substitutes for conventional building materials in the construction industry. In view of the importance of saving of energy and conservation of resources, efficient recycling of all these agro wastes is now a global concern requiring extensive R&D work towards exploring newer applications and maximizing use of existing technologies for a sustainable and environmentally sound management.
Groundwater studies have become of great concern especially in arid and semi-arid areas as they rely heavily on groundwater as a main source. In Egypt there are many aquifer systems of which the Nile Delta aquifer is considered as one of the most important aquifers. However, there are several environmental problems such as salinization, water pollution, logging and mounding of groundwater levels affect the development in eastern Nile Delta region.
We have put a study of linear and nonlinear propagation of kinetic Alfven waves in dusty plasma. By making a use of the Sagdeev potential approach, we have examined the amplitude and period of the solitary density waves. The self-gravitating effect is involved in terms of Jeans term. In linear treatment the Jeans effect play a vital role by in low magnetized plasmas,the wave dispersion decreases, when Jeans affect increases. The wave dispersion increases, when the dust density increases.
Why do some companies succeed? What distinguishes these companies from their competitors? What do they do differently to ensure they develop and maintain their competitive advantage? This paper puts forward the hypothesis that companies, which adopt a formal strategic management function, within their organisation structure manage to maintain their competitive advantage. The field of strategic management has matured in the last few decades from a corporate planning function, to a wider and to some extent, a less quantitative oriented field.
Quadrature modulation systems are used in satellite communication. I and Q are two channels which are represented in modulated signals. One of the schemes of Quadrature modulation is offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying. Quadrature Phase Shift Keying produces the phase ambiguity in carrier recovery process which can be eliminated with OQPSK.Also OQPSK ensures high speed transmission in optical Networks. Due to more requirements of the radio channels, spectral effective modulations are intended to diminish spectral overload of communication systems.
The wine industry is one of the most important in Cuyo. Considering the entire wine sector, it can be mentioned that there are associated risks with growing vine, secondly, the associated risks with the process of winemaking. This agro-industrial activity are marked by high transience of workers. At harvest time, the largest number of workers is concentrated, since the contracting meets the needs of growing grapes and special specified conditions for wine making.
The main objective of our survey is based on elliptical curve cryptography. It provides security for encryption and decryption of data. We have gone through several papers, each paper describes about some protocols. some of the papers are related to Text based, Wireless Communication and java as implementation tool .The above methods has its own protocols. One is based on customizable cryptography. It produces hardware designs for ECC. Encryption is a process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can read it.
This paper investigates a framework of search-based face annotation by mining weakly labeled facial pictures that are freely offered on world Wide internet (WWW). One difficult drawback for search-based face annotation theme is a way to effectively perform annotation by exploiting the list of most similar facial pictures and their weak labels that are usually clamorous and incomplete. To tackle this drawback, we have a tendency to propose an efficient unsupervised label refinement (ULR) approach for processing the labels of internet facial pictures exploitation machine learning techniques.
To fulfill software requirements and to satisfy the customer, software must be tested by all angles of users and developer .But the question is that when to stop testing or whether it is enough to test software, if it not tested properly by software engineer then it is handover to customer, if we want to give quality s/w product then we must calculate software reliability as it one of quality measure. s/w reliability is probability of failure free operation of software.
