Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and the overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in tumor progression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, through molecular docking and in vivo experimental tumor evaluation targeting EGFR. Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the binding affinity and interaction of luteolin with the active site of EGFR protein. The docking analysis demonstrated strong binding interactions, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, indicating the potential inhibitory activity of luteolin against EGFR signaling pathways. For in vivo evaluation, experimental tumor models were developed in laboratory animals, and luteolin was administered at selected doses. Tumor progression, body weight, survival rate, and biochemical parameters were assessed during the treatment period. Histopathological examination of tumor tissues was also carried out to determine cellular alterations and therapeutic efficacy. The results revealed a significant reduction in tumor volume and tumor weight in luteolin-treated groups compared to the control group. Improvement in antioxidant status and restoration of altered biochemical markers were also observed. Histopathological studies demonstrated reduced cellular proliferation and increased apoptotic changes in tumor tissues following luteolin treatment. The findings of this study suggest that luteolin exhibits promising anticancer activity by targeting EGFR-mediated signaling pathways and suppressing tumor growth. Molecular docking and in vivo results collectively support the potential of luteolin as a natural EGFR inhibitor with therapeutic value in cancer management. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are recommended to validate its safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action for future anticancer drug development.
