Health Sciences

The name ‘Paracetamol’ is derived from a compound name PARA-ACETylAMinophenOL by taking the underlined alphabets together. It is also refered to as acetaminophen. In some contexts, it is simply abbreviated as APAP, for Acetyl-Para AminoPhenol. Also variously referred to by trade names like Tylenol, Panadol and others. It is used orally, rectally, intramuscularly and intravenously. It is metabolized predominantly in the liver and 85-90% is excreted in the urine. Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin, once popular as an analgesic and antipyretic in its own right.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases risk factors, develop silently during childhood and adolescence with the manifestation of the disease in adulthood. Hence, identification of individual risk factors in childhood is a good method to assess cardiovascular risk level in apparently healthy children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among primary school children in Calabar, Nigeria.

Peritonitis is a common pediatric surgical condition. The aim of our study is to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects within the pediatric surgery department of Bangui. We conducted a retrospective study of patient records received for pediatric surgery and peritonitis emergencies from January 2006 to December 2013. Data analysis was done using Epi Info 3.5.1 software, 2008 version. A total of 206 files were selected. These are: 127 boys and 79 girls (sex ratio = 1.6), with an average age of 9.5 years with extremes of 7 days and 15 years.

The high level of dental caries in the child popu¬lation, with 55% of 5 year old children having visible decay into dentine and 16% having experienced dental extractions, imposes a considerable burden on chil¬dren, their parents, and the dental team looking after them. Many children have to accept toothache as a part of nor¬mal daily life. Alongside the extensive untreated caries, there has been intense debate on whether restorative care provided in general dental practice is an effective way of managing children with den¬tal caries in primary teeth.

Background: Exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rates in Nigeria continue to fall below the WHO/UNICEF recommendation of 90% EBF in children less than 6 months in developing countries. Majority of the mothers are currently breastfeeding, but less than half of the mothers are exclusively breastfeeding. Despite the huge advantages of EBF and ill-effects of not exclusively breastfeeding, practice of EBF is not widespread in the developing countries like Nigeria.

Schwannomas are benign tumours that originate from the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. They may be found in any part of the body. In over 90%, they present as vestibular schwannomas, arisng from 8th cranial nerve . Schwannomas that arise from the hypoglossal nerve ( 12th cranial nerve), are very rare, accounting for only 5% of all nonacoustic intracranial schwannomas. Till date, very less cases of hypoglossal schwannomas have been reported in the literature.Due to their scarcity, early diagnosis of these lesions is difficult and important for further management .

Objectives:-To identify the prevalence of catheter associated urinary tract infection in critical care unit. To formulate structured urinary catheterization checklist and implement in the hospital. To evaluate the effectiveness of urinary catheterization checklist to reduce catheter associated urinary tract infection. Methods: - An experimental research was conducted on 300 samples in Dr. L H Hiranandani hospital. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for the study. Urinary catheterization checklist implemented. Checklist was used to collect the data.

Background: The six-minute walk test is a simple, safe and well established assessment tool to assess exercise tolerance and endurance. Objectives: The aims of this study were to establish reference values of the six-minute walk test for children and adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years old and to compare between girls and boys regarding these values. Methods: 900 Egyptian healthy children of both sexes participated in this study.

Background: Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic causes of developmental delays. Children with Down syndrome exhibit a reduction in bone mineral density. Objective: To systematically review the available studies on the effectiveness of whole-body vibration on bone density in children with Down syndrome. Methods: Four electronic databases; PubMed, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Google Scholar were searched up to June 2019.

Objective: Low back pain affects millions of people and is one of the most common maladies prompting patients to seek medical attention. The relationship between physical activity and LBP in adolescents appears to be curvilinear. The particular type of physical activity has also been related to risk of LBP in adolescents. The incidence of low back pain (LBP) in athletes has been shown to vary greatly, depending on the physical demands and skill sets necessary for different sports.