Physical Sciences and Engineering

Advances in technology have altered our lives and transformed the way in which students learn. Technological advances have made e-learning a pivotal method for enhancing teaching and learning processes. Unlike the face-to-face method of teaching, e-learning makes learning simpler, and easily accessible. E-learning provides a cheaper, faster, and potentially better alternative to face-to-face learning. With e-learning, education can be facilitated from virtually anywhere and at any time as a result of the convenience and affordability caused by technology.

Immature seeds of Boscia senegalensis (Anza in Hausa language) used in human nutrition, undergo several treatments to remove bitterness. This study is to analyse the influence of removing bitterness on the nutritional value of these seeds. Seeds from 14 treatment methods are levied century in two department: Banibangou (Tillaberi) and Bambeye (Tahoua region). For the 14 methods, the contents of macronutrients (Fats and proteins contents) (fats and proteinaceous material), micronutrients (P, B, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and Na), in phytic acid as well as antioxidant activity are determined.

Background: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint with tremendous impact on health and quality of life. Neck pain also leads to pulmonary function restrictive disorder. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of deep cervical muscle training using pressure biofeedback device on ventilatory functions in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain. Subjects: Forty subjects of both sexes with mean age 24.8± 1.87 years were participated in this study.

Spatial design is a multi-dimensional volume that encompasses all life with its wide size and can define any open or closed area where individual or social life is staged. When considering large scale spatial design city examples we find that micro and macro spaces constitute every level of our daily life.

This paper discusses and highlights about concept of organizational change given by various authors. Typically, the concept of organizational change is in regard to organization-wide change, as opposed to smaller changes such as adding a new person, modifying a program, etc. Examples of organization-wide change might include a change in mission, restructuring operations (e.g., restructuring to self-managed teams, layoffs, etc.), new technologies, mergers, major collaborations, "rightsizing", new programs such as Total Quality Management, re-engineering, etc.

Vibration performance and energy harvesting potential of two in-situ stairs is evaluated using voltage output of an electromagnetic induction harvester prototype. First, the validation and benchmarking procedure is provided for a prototype electromagnetic induction harvester to assess 1) performance as a quantitative sensor for vibrations and 2) feasibility as a low-demand energy harvester. Secondly, the dynamic characteristics of two in-situ stairs are evaluated and compared to FEA and simplified analytical single-degree of freedom (SDOF) models.

In this paper we are trying to investigate the impact of public debt accumulation on the Egyptian public investment growth to ascertain the validity of crowding out theory. The research adopts Vector Error Correction Estimation techniques to determine the terrible nature of the relationship between public debt accumulation (both internal and external debt) and public investment growth in Egypt. We are using data covering the period 1981-2015 sourced from the Central Bank of Egypt and the World Bank data base.

Purpose: The current study was conducted to compare between the effects of cryolipolysis and liposuction in abdominal adiposity in females. Subjects and Methods: Thirty females suffering from localized fat deposits at the abdominal area were involved in the study. Their Body Mass Index(BMI) between 30 kg\m2 -34.9 kg\m2.Participants age was ranged from 30-40 years. They were classified randomly and equally into two groups Group I: This group was composed of fifteen female suffering from localized fat deposits at the abdominal area.

In recent years, organizations have come across complex databases due to the development of technology, the growth of databases and information technologies, and the use of widespread information technologies. If the data found in line with the needs of the institutions are managed successfully and effectively, it is obvious that the institutions and organizations will offer great advantages and opportunities in economic terms. Each action performed in the digital environment leaves a data record behind it.

The economic and social development of nations all over the world relay to a large extent on the quality of its road transportation system. Vast amounts of money have been invested and are still being invested in the construction of roads. Similarly, large amount of money is required to ensure that these roads having been constructed can continuously fulfill their function.