May 2025

Despite considerable global efforts to control and eliminate malaria, the disease still remains one of the most significant public health challenges in endemic regions worldwide. In order to combat malaria in endemic regions, community-based malaria control approaches are progressively emerging as an important strategy, highlighting their effectiveness in reducing transmission rates - malaria prevention, early detection, and treatment, and improving access to care at the local level. This article explores the role of community-based approaches in strengthening malaria control efforts in endemic regions, and reviews various strategies that empower local populations to take a proactive role in combating malaria. Emphasis is laid on local leadership, the integration of culturally relevant health education, community participation, environmental interventions, and healthcare delivery within local communities, as well as the role of local engagement in promoting behavior change, and enhancing long-term sustainability of malaria interventions. Evidence from various endemic regions suggests that CBMCPs can lead to improved access to health services, increased awareness, and reduced malaria transmission rates. Challenges associated with these approaches are outlined such as inadequate funding, training, limited healthcare infrastructure, and community participation, and recommendations for scaling up local efforts to ensure sustainable impact are provided. This review synthesizes existing literature on community-based malaria control, highlights best practices, and provides community-focused approaches that are vital for bringing up solutions in the fight against malaria and thereby achieving the global malaria elimination goals.

The goal of this research is to use machine learning and health indicator data to create a prediction model for diabetes diagnosis. The study finds important patterns linked to diabetes by examining a data set that includes a variety of health metrics, including BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, lifestyle factors (such as smoking, physical activity, and food), and socioeconomic characteristics (such as income and education). To guarantee model robustness, the data pipeline include prepossessing procedures including feature scaling, encoding, and managing class imbalances. The model is constructed using sophisticated algorithms like Random Forest and logistic regression which are assessed using measures like accuracy, recall. With its effective, data-driven approach to early diabetes identification, this technology enhances preventive care tactics for at-risk groups and gives medical professionals the ability to make well-informed judgments.

Agriculture is the backbone of rural Africa, with nearly 70% of the population relying on it for their livelihoods. It goes beyond food and income. farming is deeply rooted in tradition and cultural identity. However, climate change is increasingly threatening this way of life. Irregular rainfall patterns, extreme heat, droughts, and floods are damaging crops and decreasing livestock productivity, particularly in areas heavily dependent on rainfall. Smallholder farmers, already disadvantaged by poor infrastructure, degraded land, and limited resources, are especially vulnerable. Women and marginalized groups face greater risks, often lacking access to land, finance, and climate adaptation tools. The challenges are compounded by the spread of pests like fall armyworms and desert locusts, which destroy crops and intensify food insecurity. Water scarcity is also growing, making it more difficult for communities to sustain farming. Despite these obstacles, many farmers are adopting innovative, climate-smart solutions to adapt. Agroforestry, where trees are planted alongside crops, helps improve soil health and strengthens resilience against weather shocks. Conservation farming methods such as crop rotation and use of cover crops are restoring degraded land and increasing yields. Integrated crop-livestock systems, which combine plant and animal production, are improving farm efficiency and reducing emissions. Nonetheless, widespread adoption of these practices is slowed by financial constraints, weak governance, limited infrastructure, and cultural resistance to new methods. Addressing these barriers requires targeted support enhancing access to credit, empowering local leaders, and investing in rural development. As climate change accelerates, scaling up proven strategies and promoting locally appropriate solutions is crucial. Ensuring Africa’s farmers can adapt not only safeguards food security but also protects livelihoods, traditions, and the long-term stability of rural communities across the continent.

The eyes, as highly metabolically active organs, depend on a steady supply of key nutrients to maintain optimal function and prevent degenerative conditions. This review highlights the critical role of diet in vision health, emphasizing essential nutrients such as vitamin A for night vision, omega-3 fatty acids for tear production, and lutein/zeaxanthin for macular protection. Dietary sources like egg yolks, zinc-rich foods (red meat, legumes, nuts), and antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables contribute to ocular defence mechanisms against oxidative stress and age-related damage. Evidence-based findings underscore the importance of targeted nutrition in preserving visual acuity and reducing the risk of disorders like dry eye syndrome, cataracts, and macular degeneration.

Purpose: This study assesses the impact of NEP-2020 on undergraduate colleges in Nadia District, focusing on student adaptation, academic performance, and the effectiveness of the new major-minor course structure. It examines how students from both urban and rural backgrounds are coping with the transition, highlighting key challenges and opportunities. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative approach, analysing pass rates, subject-wise performance, and student feedback from colleges affiliated with Kalyani University. Data was collected from institutional reports, university records, and official government documents. Findings: Results indicate that while NEP-2020 offers greater academic flexibility and skill-oriented learning, students face increased academic pressure, digital accessibility issues, and a lack of structured guidance. The overall pass rates (75–85%) in 2022–23 reflect a return to pre-pandemic levels, but rural colleges witnessed a sharp decline compared to urban institutions. Research Limitations: The study is limited to undergraduate colleges in Nadia District and does not include postgraduate programs or institutions outside the region. Long-term effects of NEP-2020 on employability and research outcomes require further investigation. Practical Implication: The study provides actionable insights for universities, policymakers, and educators to improve faculty training, digital accessibility, and student support services. Addressing these issues can enhance the effectiveness of NEP-2020 implementation. Social Implication: The findings highlight the widening gap between urban and rural students, emphasizing the need for inclusive educational reforms to ensure equitable learning opportunities. Originality: This study presents first-hand empirical data on NEP-2020’s curriculum impact in Nadia District, making it a valuable reference for future academic and policy discussions.

The novel is a work of long-term prose imagination centered on characters and representation of observed reality. Since the sixteenth century, when it appeared in its contemporary form, that of a long story, this literary genre has never ceased to attract vocations and has accumulated thousands of novels on themes as varied as their respective values can be. The famous formula of a contemporary critic according to which "true novel begins with the rejection of novels" is therefore not surprising: there is novel... and novel. What is more intriguing is this principle of refusal. Is it conceivable? Why would a novel not feed on... novels?

The legacy of colonialism continues to shape the political, economic, and cultural trajectories of African nations, particularly in their relations with former colonial powers. This article examines the evolving dynamics of Franco-African relations, focusing on recent political shifts in Senegal and Chad. It highlights how these countries are redefining their partnerships with France to assert greater sovereignty and address contemporary global challenges. The article contextualizes these developments within the broader framework of colonial rule, contrasting the French model of centralized assimilation with the British policy of indirect rule and the Portuguese approach of integration through exploitation. While British colonialism maintained a semblance of local autonomy under traditional leaders, and Portuguese rule relied on harsh economic extraction paired with cultural erasure, the French system sought to create culturally uniform subjects tied to the métropole. This distinctive model, which emphasized assimilation and centralized governance, left enduring institutional and cultural ties that are now being renegotiated. In the cases of Senegal and Chad, these historical ties are juxtaposed with recent policy changes, public discontent, and shifts in geopolitical alliances, reflecting a broader trend across Francophone Africa. The analysis explores how these nations balance their colonial legacies with aspirations for decolonial autonomy in a multipolar world. By examining the intersection of history, politics, and economic realities, this article contributes to understanding the complexities of postcolonial statehood and international relations in contemporary Africa.

Rajbanshi women belong from the royal community of Kamrup-Kamata Dynasty, which is presently known as North Bengal, Lower Assam, Bihar, Bangladesh and Nepal. Women played important roles as family heads and decision-makers, in agriculture, such as uprooting seedlings and cutting ripe paddy plants, engaged in the education system and practiced with indigenous culture. Rajbanshi women are involved in various cultural practices, such as Padmapuran, Bratas, Tistaburi, Mangalchandi, Kati Puja, Hudum Gaan and many more are interrelated with their daily life. They have their own rituals, beliefs and customs which are practiced for the social welfare. In the present time, the traditional arts and practices of the Rajbanshis have been disappearing from society day by day. Now a day, educational institutions included art and culture in the curriculum to promote local heritage, where women takes an important role. An art in education helps to create a supportive environment where students can explore the experiment and express themselves freely. It fosters curiosity, strengthens emotional resilience and encourages teamwork. It helps teacher nurture essential skills that shape students into future leaders, because art and education are deeply interconnected. The qualitative approach will be followed by interview techniques used. The study found that, there is a significant impact of Rajbanshi women’s art, beliefs on educational institutions in North Bengal. This enhanced teamwork developed a sense of we-feeling.

Twitter has been one of the popular social media since its advent. The study mainly includes the sentiment analysis of the users of Twitter as well as forecasting the nature of the engagement, depending on many factors like the user profile, the sentiments involved and so on. The dataset features are determined,and an example case study is taken. Using the concept of Natural Language Processing, the sentiments analysis is carried out and the results are interpreted

In this article going to introduce wintering status of large sized greater snipe Gallingo media listed in threatened birds of the world. Extensive observation was carried out (after observed (fig.1 and fig.2) and photographed three birds at Dharji (Durgi) wetland) to explore the diversity and abundancy of Great snipe. Consecutive 8 years from 2013 to 2021. Observation area was served by spot out roosting and feeding site of snipe. Highest abundancy and diversity were recorded predominately during January.

Chosen families, composed of non-biological kinship networks, play a transformative role in enhancing mental health and resilience among queer individuals. This dissertation examines the impact of peer support networks on mental health outcomes and resilience among queer individuals. These networks provide unconditional emotional support, reduce feelings of isolation, and foster a sense of belonging, particularly in cases where traditional family structures may fail to offer adequate affirmation or acceptance. By creating safe spaces for self-expression and identity exploration, chosen families help mitigate mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Moreover, they contribute to resilience by promoting coping mechanisms, validating experiences, and encouraging open communication, ultimately empowering individuals to navigate adversity with strength and confidence. Using a quantitative research design, this study employs validated psychological scales, including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the LGBTQ Belongingness Attainment Scale (LGBTQ BAS), and the Perceived Social Support-Friends Scale (PSS-Fr). It gathers data from a sample of 100 queer individuals between the age 18-30 years. Findings from this study contribute to a growing body of literature on mental health interventions tailored to LGBTQ+ individuals, highlighting the significance of peer networks as protective factors. Implications for clinical practice, social policies, and community-based mental health programs are discussed, emphasizing the need for inclusive support structures that empower queer individuals in navigating mental health challenges. The findings support the hypothesis that peer support, often provided by chosen families, plays a vital role in reducing depression, anxiety and stress, and promoting resilience among queer individuals. They also support the hypothesis that LGBTQ+ belongingness reduces depression, anxiety and stress, and fosters resilience among queer individuals.