Social Sciences and Humanities

According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, history is the past events connected with the development of a particular place, subject, etc. Thus the nineteenth century was a period which impacted the history of African countries, between tradition and modernism. There was a mixing of African and European civilization; the latter through the colonization of Africa by Europe brought a lot of changes in African society on the political, economic and social levels.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of William Shakespeare's personal values and beliefs, highlighting the challenges in determining them due to the lack of material evidence. Through his literary works, Shakespeare delves into a myriad of topics, including philosophy, culture, science, human anatomy, atoms, matter, and planetary motion, indicating his exposure to and familiarity with contemporary scientific concepts.

This study aims to investigate how language functions as a tool of deception within spam emails. The research involves a detailed analysis of the linguistic content found in 20 spam messages, focusing on the identification and examination of the linguistic features utilized. Particular attention is given to lexical, grammatical, and orthographic elements that spammers employ in crafting deceptive messages.

The interrelationship between language and culture is fundamental to understanding how communication shapes human interaction. This paper explores the deep connection between language and culture, emphasizing the importance of integrating cultural awareness into language education. It argues that language is not merely a tool for communication but a reflection of cultural paradigms, ideologies, and social practices.

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is an important concern in India, and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, renders strong support for the protection of the children. It can be from grievous crimes of sexual harassment, sexual assault and pornography. It is a robust legal framework to address issues like reporting, investigation, trial, judgement, compensation and rehabilitation mechanisms. Thereby the Act takes care of the interests of children at every stage of judicial proceedings.

Communities play a vital role in preventing and responding to the risks children face in most humanitarian settings, they organize themselves in several ways to protect children who are at risk. In situation of displacement, community networks may at times be disrupted or changed due to a significant and abrupt change. Such changes and disruption weaken the ability of the community to protect children. At times risk originates from the community members making them a source of risk.

In Côte d'Ivoire, in particular, discourse about women is, sometimes, misogynistic. The title of the paper that gave rise to this text is a presupposition according to which linguistic facts about women are said, and their particularity arouses curiosity and analysis. The analysis is based on the theory of speech acts as theorized by John Austin and Pierre Boudieu in their famous works, Quand dire c'est faire and Ce que parler veut dire. De l'économie des échanges linguistique (1982). Pragmatics is the linguistic approach to analyzing the facts of language.

In today’s dynamic and competitive business environment, organizations must drive efficiency and innovation to maintain their relevance. Achieving these goals largely depends on a committed and capable workforce. Central to fostering such a workforce is the strategic design and communication of meaningful job roles—commonly referred to as role value. Role value reflects the clarity, purpose, autonomy, and significance employees associate with their positions.

The legacy of colonialism continues to shape the political, economic, and cultural trajectories of African nations, particularly in their relations with former colonial powers. This article examines the evolving dynamics of Franco-African relations, focusing on recent political shifts in Senegal and Chad. It highlights how these countries are redefining their partnerships with France to assert greater sovereignty and address contemporary global challenges.

The novel is a work of long-term prose imagination centered on characters and representation of observed reality. Since the sixteenth century, when it appeared in its contemporary form, that of a long story, this literary genre has never ceased to attract vocations and has accumulated thousands of novels on themes as varied as their respective values can be. The famous formula of a contemporary critic according to which "true novel begins with the rejection of novels" is therefore not surprising: there is novel... and novel.