Health Sciences

Congenital anomaly of a great vessel is rare. The presence of Duplicated Inferior vena cava has an incidence of 0.3-3%. Kidney transplantation is one of the mainstay treatment of chronic kidney disease. We herein report a left laparoscopic nephrectomy performed in a donor with duplicated inferior vena cava. Preoperative planning with CT Angiography is a must to accurately delineate anatomy. Duplicated inferior vena cava was clipped and divided just below the confluence with renal vein. The donor made an uneventful recovery.

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that arises from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, which is histologically impossible to differentiate from paragangliomas that can arise outside the adrenal gland, in addition to the low incidence and high complexity in the differential diagnosis. It is a challenge for both the anesthesiologist and the surgical team, due to possible complications that could occur in the operating room. It should be rigorously evaluated and alpha and beta blockade must be started at least two weeks before the surgical procedure.

The diagnosis of Marfan syndrome (MFS) is based on clinical characteristics already defined in the Ghent nosology, and agreed by the opinion of international experts to recognize this syndrome. 9 These Ghent criteria are mentioned here, which include a set of Major and minor criteria in different body systems, and which have been shown to be applicable to this condition, since with these criteria the diagnosis has been confirmed in more than 95% of the patients, described in the literature.

Grave´s disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that bind to the thyrotropin receptor (TR) in the gland, leading to excess production of thyroid hormones maintaining a state of hyperthyroidism. Also this autoantibodies recognize the TR present on orbital fibroblasts, which produce the tissue changes of Grave´s ophthalmopathy (GO): eyelid retraction and swelling, proptosis, orbital congestion (chemosis), exposure keratopathy, extraocular motility dysfunction, as well as compressive optic neuropathy in more severe cases.

Current situation of world is at stake & with every upcoming day it is getting worst due covid 19 pandemic disease. All the healthcare industries and scientist are now engaged in the Race of finding out the vaccine for covid 19 disease but it takes time from months upto years to formulate a standard vaccine. That’s why here comes the time to adapt the new life style changes, as the current pandemic situation demands. As per WHO & American academy of ophthalmology, the chances of corona virus transfer through eyes are strong.

Background: Dengue Fever DF represents a major global health challenge. It is the most important human infection. In Saudi Arabia, the first experience of virus isolation during a DF outbreak was in 1994 in Jeddah many out brakes followed in (20042005 , 2006 and 2009) the Saudi Preventive Department in the Ministry of Health (MOH) launched a comprehensive plan to control the disease In 2008. The reemergence of DF in Saudi Arabia can be explained by the growing levels of urbanization, international trade and travel in the Kingdom.

Background: Preschool children undergo rapid growth & development and as such their nutritional status is considered to be one of the most important areas of concern. Nutrition plays a key role in physical and mental development of children as well as prevention of disease or illness. In modern life, excessive use of junk foods in daily life, especially among children leads to various illnesses and poor health status. Objectives: 1. To assess the level of knowledge of parents regarding nutrition of under 6 years children. 2.

Background: The central venous accesses technique uses a direct visualization puncture. With the advent of the ultrasound (US)-guided puncture, a high variation rate in the anatomical position (AP) of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) was observed compared to the right common carotid artery (RCCA). Objective: This study describes the rate of AP variability in RIJV, compared with previous studies and descriptions.

The oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) is response that occurs on the oral mucosa. The OLL commonly include allergic response to the dental materials, drugs, and on graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). The prevalence of oral lichen planus is more with the female predilection. Oral lichenoid lesions develop as a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. Both of those entities are potential precancerous conditions; this adds to their clinical significance. Oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid reactions are two distinct diseases. They will be clinically similar but they need different etiologic factors.

Hypertension Type 2 diabetes is a type of diabetes mellitus whose symptoms are caused by high blood sugar (glucose) levels. This disease is also referred to as adult-onset diabetes because it usually affects adults or the elderly. In contrast to type 1 diabetes, which can attack younger people, such as children. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic disease caused by the body not being able to use insulin effectively. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases with age and an unhealthy lifestyle.